{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:31:59Z","timestamp":1786469519781,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric obesity is a complex, multifactorial pandemic with serious early-onset comorbidities, including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular disorders. While lifestyle modifications and the Mediterranean diet remain primary interventions, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a critical tool for early diagnosis and personalized management. This review evaluates the current role of AI in predicting and treating childhood obesity and its complications. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar for English-language articles published from 2015 onward. Search terms included combinations of keywords related to \u201cobesity\u201d, \u201cpediatric\u201d, \u201ccomorbidities\u201d (e.g., MASLD, diabetes), and \u201cartificial intelligence\u201d (e.g., machine learning, deep learning, multi-omics). Eligible study types ranged from original articles to systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. By integrating multi-omic data (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, metabolome, microbiota) with socio-psychological metrics, AI can predict obesity risk and early complications. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning have successfully identified specific metabolites, gut flora alterations, neurological pathways, and metabolic SNPs linked to obesity susceptibility. Furthermore, ML-driven prognostic models enable risk assessment for MASLD or diabetes progression, while specialized software supports remote lifestyle monitoring and tailored dietary interventions. AI has the potential to revolutionize pediatric obesity management through precision medicine. However, challenges regarding data privacy, digital literacy, and equitable access persist. Because current evidence relies heavily on limited and heterogeneous pediatric datasets, large-scale, well-characterized, and externally validated cohorts are essential to establish the clinical applicability of AI models before routine implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16162533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1786465832000},"page":"2533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying Artificial Intelligence to Childhood Obesity: T2DM and MASLD Risk Predictive Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Amitrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio\u201d, 80027 Frattamaggiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7756-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Mondillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Emiliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio\u201d, 80027 Frattamaggiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto Paolo","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0525-6","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity: Consensus position statement of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics","volume":"44","author":"Valerio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ital. 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