{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:24:27Z","timestamp":1786965867085,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), an advanced glycation end product, has implications in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry is the current gold standard for quantifying MG-H1, its overall complexity limits its utility. We developed an ELISA to measure MG-H1 using a specific monoclonal antibody. Methods: Competitive ELISA was used to quantify total, high-molecular-weight (HMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW) MG-H1 in serum. The assay\u2019s specificity was validated against structurally related compounds. Spike-and-recovery experiments were conducted to assess accuracy and precision. Serum samples from healthy controls, diabetic patients without kidney disease, and patients with DKD were analyzed (n = 10, 23, and 19, respectively). MG-H1\u2019s correlation with renal biomarkers and diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: The ELISA exhibited preferential reactivity toward MG-H1 compared with structurally related compounds. Spike-and-recovery experiments resulted in recovery rates ranging 108\u2013119%. MG-H1 levels were increased in patients with DKD, although the magnitude of the changes varied among the MG-H1 forms. All MG-H1 forms correlated positively with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate. No significant correlations were observed with glycoalbumin, and only a modest association was observed between LMW MG-H1 and HbA1c. Exploratory ROC analyses suggested that all MG-H1 forms could discriminate DKD from DM, with total and HMW MG-H1 showing performance comparable to that of conventional renal function markers. Conclusions: This competitive ELISA enables high-throughput quantification of MG-H1 in serum and demonstrates analytical feasibility; further multicenter validation is required before clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16162593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1786961076000},"page":"2593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monoclonal Antibody-Based ELISA Quantification of Serum Methylglyoxal-Derived Hydroimidazolone-1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Nojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagahama Institute for Biochemical Science, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Nagahama 174-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatsuna","family":"Tasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetsugu","family":"Fujigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagahama Institute for Biochemical Science, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Nagahama 174-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Matuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.11.034","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Rabbani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02316-w","article-title":"Protein glycation products associate with progression of kidney disease and incident cardiovascular events in individuals with type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Adeshara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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