{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1787649848137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) and reflects systemic vascular impairment. Photoplethysmography-derived flow-mediated dilation (PPG-FMD) has emerged as a novel, non-invasive approach for assessing endothelial function. This study aimed to investigate the utility of PPG-FMD as a marker of systemic endothelial function in patients with ED without overt coronary artery disease. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional comparative study, patients with vascular ED (n = 24), non-vascular ED (n = 18), and healthy controls (n = 30) were evaluated. Endothelial function was assessed using PPG-FMD. Key parameters, including dilation index, time to maximum dilation, area under the curve, and dilation index slope, were analyzed and compared across groups. Results: PPG-FMD parameters indicated significantly impaired endothelial function in patients with vascular ED compared to both non-vascular ED patients and controls (p &lt; 0.01). Dilation index and area under the curve were significantly reduced in the vascular ED group. Conclusions: These preliminary findings support the presence of systemic endothelial dysfunction in vascular ED and suggest that PPG-FMD\u2013derived parameters may serve as a non-invasive indicator of endothelial function. Further studies incorporating larger cohorts and validation against established endothelial assessment methods are required to determine its clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16172710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:04:30Z","timestamp":1787648670000},"page":"2710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoplethysmography-Derived Flow-Mediated Dilation as a Non-Invasive Marker of Endothelial Function in Erectile Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0751-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Buyukaksu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslinur","family":"Sircan-Kucuksayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07425, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Ucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07425, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Canpolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900567","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence and epidemiology of erectile dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"McKinlay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. 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