{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:18:17Z","timestamp":1787890697167,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2019-NR40073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-NR40073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00334397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00334397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2019-NR40073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-NR40073"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2024-00334397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00334397"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Trophoblast retrieval and isolation from the cervix (TRIC) has emerged as a promising alternative to invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures. However, contamination by maternal immune cells remains a major challenge that may compromise trophoblast purity and the reliability of downstream fetal genetic analyses. Methods: Maternal immune cells were selectively depleted by immunomagnetic sorting using antibodies targeting CD45 or CD56. The remaining cells were subsequently enriched for HLA-G-positive trophoblasts and characterized by immunofluorescence and gene-expression analyses using CD45, CD56, HLA-G, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG). Results: Compared with CD45-mediated depletion, CD56-mediated depletion demonstrated more efficient removal of maternal immune cells, as indicated by significantly reduced CD56 expression. CK7 expression showed an increasing trend following CD56 depletion, whereas \u03b2-hCG expression remained largely unchanged. Immunofluorescence analysis further demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of CK7+\/\u03b2-hCG+ trophoblast cells after CD56 depletion. Conclusions: Among the evaluated depletion strategies, CD56-mediated depletion demonstrated a more favorable profile for trophoblast-associated characteristics than CD45-mediated depletion, suggesting its potential contribution to further methodological optimization of trophoblast isolation in TRIC-based noninvasive prenatal genetic testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16172714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787670067000},"page":"2714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trophoblast Enrichment by Maternal Immune-Cell Depletion Using CD45 and CD56 Surface Markers in Trophoblast Retrieval and Isolation from the Cervix (TRIC)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heeyeon","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ji","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0880-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minyeon","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0538-3517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Shin","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4087-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You Jung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Han","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2019.103690","article-title":"Endocervical trophoblast for interrogating the fetal genome and assessing pregnancy health at five weeks","volume":"62","author":"Kadam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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