{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1788775853411,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009388","name":"Jazan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JU-RSP2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JU-RSP2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["JU-RSP2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JU-RSP2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjnq803","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: p53 signatures are segments of strongly p53-immunoreactive secretory epithelium in the fallopian tube. We tested whether fixed pathology-pretrained image representations could classify three ordered categories reconstructed from the public dataset\u2019s reported cell-count intervals. Methods: The primary cohort comprised 113 canonical p53 20\u00d7 fields from 67 patients: 59 Small (12\u201320 cells), 24 Medium (21\u201380), and 30 Large (&gt;80). A 141-field partial-label cohort retained boundary-spanning intervals for sensitivity analysis. Twenty-six eligible feature\/head pipelines were evaluated by three-repeat five-fold nested patient-grouped cross-validation. Within every outer fold, the pipeline was selected using inner validation only; primary performance metrics were computed within each repeat and averaged across the three repeats, while the resulting 339 held-out predictions were pooled only for the confusion-matrix visualization. Uncertainty was estimated using 2000 patient-cluster bootstrap replicates conditional on these recorded predictions. Results: The fold-wise nested selector achieved quadratic-weighted kappa (QWK) 0.687 (95% CI 0.547\u20130.785), macro-F1 0.628 (0.568\u20130.680), balanced accuracy 0.637 (0.581\u20130.693), macro-AUROC 0.805 (0.750\u20130.855), and macro-AUPRC 0.681 (0.633\u20130.754). Small, Medium, and Large sensitivities were 0.870 (0.801\u20130.928), 0.264 (0.159\u20130.386), and 0.778 (0.617\u20130.906); severe Small\u2013Large errors occurred in 6.5% (2.9\u201310.6%). Equal patient weighting gave QWK 0.700. In a secondary locked UNI2-h\/CORAL analysis, ordinal temperature scaling reduced ECE from 0.195 to 0.157 and negative log-likelihood from 1.291 to 0.778. Conclusions: Fixed representations provided useful internal discrimination of dataset-derived ordinal categories, with substantial fold variability and weak Medium-category sensitivity. The results do not validate lesion measurement, detection, diagnosis, or clinical use; independent pathologist-annotated evaluation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16172869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1788773017000},"page":"2869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leakage-Controlled Classification of Dataset-Derived Ordinal p53-Signature Size Categories in Fallopian-Tube Immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Alhazmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.01.012","article-title":"A candidate precursor to pelvic serous cancer (p53 signature) and its prevalence in ovaries and fallopian tubes from women with BRCA mutations","volume":"109","author":"Folkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol. 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