{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:08:23Z","timestamp":1789380503512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This exploratory meta-research study evaluated study design, reconstructive modalities, and outcome documentation within a non-systematically assembled corpus of facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) reconstruction studies. The corpus was curated for a parent project, coding relied on narrative matrix fields, and no duplicate full-text extraction was available; frequencies should therefore be interpreted as minimum documentation estimates within this corpus. Methods: We analyzed a frozen matrix of 72 clinical studies with final issue years from 2015 through 2026 (analytic cutoff, 31 July 2026). Prespecified coding distinguished BCC-only from mixed-histology studies and separated any patient-reported endpoint, validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), nonvalidated satisfaction assessments, observer-rated measures, and mixed patient\/observer instruments. Associations with prospective design were exploratory. Results: Fifty-nine studies (81.9%) were retrospective, seven (9.7%) comparative, and three (4.2%) multicenter; forty (55.6%) were coded BCC-only. Local or locoregional flaps appeared in 48 matrix records (66.7%). Aesthetic outcomes were documented in 47 (65.3%), complications in 45 (62.5%), function in 27 (37.5%), and any patient-reported endpoint in 9 (12.5%). Four records (5.6%) documented a validated PROM; five (6.9%) named any standardized instrument, including one observer-only VSS assessment. Prospective studies more often documented patient-reported endpoints (4\/9 vs. 5\/63; OR 9.28, 95% CI 1.87\u201346.01; p = 0.011) and validated PROMs (3\/9 vs. 1\/63; OR 31.00, 95% CI 2.77\u2013346.32; p = 0.005), but event counts were sparse and estimates were unadjusted. No matrix record documented all five prespecified outcome domains. Conclusions: Within this curated corpus, retrospective and noncomparative designs predominated and validated patient-centered measurement was uncommon. These findings are hypothesis-generating, do not estimate comparative effectiveness, and should not be generalized to the complete facial BCC reconstruction literature. A reproducible systematic review with duplicate full-text extraction remains necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16182952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:34:01Z","timestamp":1789378441000},"page":"2952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study Design, Reconstructive Modalities, and Patient-Reported Outcome Documentation in a Curated Corpus of Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma Reconstruction Studies: An Exploratory Meta-Research Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Iris-Iuliana","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Constantin Hospital, 500299 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"},{"name":"Dental Elite Clinics, 500187 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3182-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra-Cristina","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihnea","family":"Costescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Vecerzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Dr. Alexandru Augustin Military Emergency Clinical Hospital, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Constantin Hospital, 500299 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4629-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Ro\u0219ca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Andreia","family":"Coman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca-Gabriela","family":"Miulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Constantin Hospital, 500299 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru-Petru","family":"Ciucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Elite Clinics, 500187 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Ormeni\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine,  George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical County Hospital T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113254","article-title":"European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma\u2014Update 2023","volume":"192","author":"Peris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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