{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:00:23Z","timestamp":1791460823271,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CON\u00d3PTICA S.L"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Objective refraction plays an increasingly important role in paediatric myopia control. However, evidence regarding its agreement with subjective refraction in children undergoing orthokeratology (OK), particularly under non-cycloplegic conditions, remains limited. This study evaluated the longitudinal agreement between Myopia Master refraction obtained with the device and subjective manifest refraction during the first six months of OK treatment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study included children aged 8\u201312 years fitted with OK lenses featuring a customized optical treatment zone. Subjective manifest refraction and Myopia Master refraction using the Myopia Master\u00ae were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months under physiological pupillary conditions without cycloplegia. Agreement was assessed using paired comparisons, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland\u2013Altman analysis. Results: Forty-three myopic participants were included at baseline. Excellent agreement was observed for sphere, spherical equivalent (M), and overall blur strength (B) (ICC \u2265 0.937), whereas cylinder and J45 showed lower agreement (ICC \u2265 0.701). Agreement decreased after OK treatment, particularly at 3 and 6 months. Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed small mean bias with wider limits of agreement during follow-up. Conclusions: The Myopia Master\u00ae showed clinically useful agreement for most subjects with subjective manifest refraction throughout the first six months of paediatric OK treatment. Despite reduced agreement after treatment initiation due to corneal remodelling, Myopia Master refraction remained a valuable complementary tool for routine follow-up under physiological pupillary conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16183022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Refraction Obtained with the Myopia Master and Subjective Manifest Refraction in Pediatric Orthokeratology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Zamora-Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Llorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vithas Medimar International Hospital, 03016 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3765-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology), University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49","article-title":"The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Haarman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. 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