{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:09:37Z","timestamp":1789999777317,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation Coeur\u2014Daniel Wagner, Fondation de Luxembourg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Because donor-heart availability remains limited, adequate selection of candidates for heart transplantation (HTX) is essential for post-transplant success. Differences in the underlying etiology leading to HTX may play a relevant prognostic role. We compared the post-transplant outcomes of HTX recipients with pre-transplant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center observational study of adult patients who underwent HTX at Heidelberg Heart Center between 1998 and 2020 excluding patients with repeat HTX. Patients were stratified according to pre-transplant DCM or ICM etiology. Our analysis comprised donor and recipient data, immunosuppressive therapy, post-transplant concomitant medications, and 5-year post-transplant mortality including causes of death. Results: This study included 158 patients with pre-transplant ICM (40.8%) and 229 patients with pre-transplant DCM (59.2%). HTX recipients with pre-transplant DCM had a significantly lower post-transplant 5-year mortality (27.5% versus 41.1%, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis including 15 variables indicated a reduced risk of 5-year post-transplant mortality in individuals with pre-transplant DCM (HR: 0.478, 95% CI: 0.235\u20130.972, p = 0.042). A subgroup analysis of 62 HTX recipients with pre-transplant familial DCM and 167 HTX recipients with pre-transplant idiopathic DCM showed a significantly lower 5-year post-transplant mortality in HTX recipients with pre-transplant familial DCM (14.5% versus 32.3%, p = 0.007). A second multivariate analysis showed a reduced risk of 5-year post-transplant mortality in HTX recipients with pre-transplant familial DCM (HR: 0.380, 95% CI: 0.179\u20130.807, p = 0.012). Conclusions: HTX recipients with pre-transplant DCM, particularly familial DCM, showed superior 5-year post-transplant survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16183032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superior 5-Year Survival in Heart Transplant Recipients with Pre-Transplant Dilated Cardiomyopathy Versus Ischemic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6689-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Haag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-6319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Rivinius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Helmschrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Rahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Ehlermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice F.","family":"Darche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, 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