{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:06:25Z","timestamp":1790327185108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX; serum creatinine times lactate dehydrogenase\/peripheral blood platelet count) seems to reflect endothelial cell activation\/dysfunction. Furthermore, endothelial cells support acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation and survival, and high bone marrow microvascular density is associated with adverse prognosis in human AML. Methods: We investigated the pretreatment EASIX score in 160 AML patients (promyelocytic variants excluded) at the time of diagnosis before initiation of intensive cytarabine-based anti-AML therapy. Results: We detected a significant association between the pretreatment EASIX score and the monocytic AML cell phenotype (Fisher\u2019s test, p = 0.0007). A weaker association was observed between a high pretreatment EASIX score and C-reactive protein levels (Spearman\u2019s test, p = 0.017). We could not detect any significant difference in 5-year overall survival when comparing patient subsets with a pretreatment EASIX score below versus above the median cohort level (Kaplan\u2013Meier\u2019s test, p = 0.84), and the overall survival did not differ when comparing overall survival for the two contrasting upper and lower quartiles either (p = 0.88). Furthermore, the 5-year posttransplant survival did not differ between allotransplant recipients (n = 58) with a pretreatment (i.e., at the time of first diagnosis) EASIX score below versus above the cohort median level (p = 0.55). Finally, the 5-year overall survival did not differ when comparing patients with low versus high modified EASIX scores either (p = 0.46). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the pretherapy EASIX score does not have any prognostic impact in non-promyelocytic AML patients receiving conventional intensive AML therapy. This is different from patients with promyelocytic AML variants, in whom a high EASIX score is associated with increased mortality. However, EASIX scoring should be further investigated in AML patients who receive new targeted therapies, including BCL2-inhibition, which is less effective in monocytic AML variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16193117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:09:02Z","timestamp":1790323742000},"page":"3117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Pretherapy Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Bruserud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8171-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Myeloid Blood Cancer, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Silje","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, P.O. Box 6165, N-5892 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9721-4202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Espen Talseth","family":"Skar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Wendelbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, VID Specialized University, Bergen Campus, Ulriksdal 10, N-5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"Reikvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2024.2441246","article-title":"Future biomarkers for acute graft-versus-host disease: Potential roles of nucleic acids, metabolites, and immune cell markers","volume":"21","author":"Reikvam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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