{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:56:48Z","timestamp":1790744208524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9ty582","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spectrum of congenital lesions in newborns includes various soft and hard tissue masses found within or near the oral cavity. While oral clefts are often easily diagnosed prenatally and treated after birth, other critical conditions may require immediate neonatal intervention. These include airway compromise resulting from choanal atresia, alveolar mucosal fusion, or space-occupying lesions that reduce airway volume. Furthermore, some lesions may cause significant bleeding or interfere with sucking and feeding. In such cases, careful prenatal evaluation using ultrasound (USG) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is essential to inform the timing and strategy of surgical interventions. The occurrence of a rare lesion, such as a congenital epulis, also known as a Neumann tumor (NT), requires precise diagnostics to exclude other worrisome pathologies. Detailed MR evaluation of the oral commissure, tongue, lips, and gingival area helps identify the lesion\u2019s extent and its anatomical relationship with adjacent structures. Although serial ultrasonography demonstrated interval growth, near-term MRI showed no pharyngeal extension or laryngotracheal narrowing. An EXIT-to-airway procedure was not planned, and delivery was performed by elective cesarean section with multidisciplinary airway support available. This report highlights that local NT removal typically focuses on complete excision, evaluation of the tumor base, and assessment of the surrounding alveolar bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16193131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T10:00:34Z","timestamp":1790589634000},"page":"3131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis of Newborn Oral Tumors Based on a Prenatally Diagnosed Neumann Tumor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"Nagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Kothencz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6345-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerg\u0151","family":"Leipold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9644-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerg\u0151","family":"G\u00f6bl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Glasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuropka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Cypriana K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Uranbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Borsod-Aba\u00faj-Zempl\u00e9n County Central Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Szentp\u00e9teri kapu 72\u201376, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Nelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, EMC Hospital, Pilczycka 144, 54-144 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2007.04.010","article-title":"Analysis of the cleft-lip nose in submental-vertical view, Part I-reliability of a new measurement instrument","volume":"35","author":"Nagy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.01.004","article-title":"Analysis of the cleft lip-nose in the submental-vertical view. Part II. Panel study: Which is the most important deformity?","volume":"36","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1349","article-title":"Oral Lesions in Neonates","volume":"9","author":"Patil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1485","article-title":"Eruption Cyst in the Neonate","volume":"11","author":"Silveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i2.11","article-title":"Neumann\u2019s Tumor: A Case Report","volume":"27","author":"Vinay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"50","article-title":"Congenital epulis in newborn. Case report","volume":"78","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Y. State Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300213246","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of oral lesions among children aged 0-3 years: A clinical study","volume":"21","author":"Mondal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kheriwal, D., Singhal, R., Singh, V., Narwal, A., and Namdev, R. (2026). Neumann\u2019s Tumor (Congenital Epulis): A Rare Oral Lesion of Newborn and Its Management. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-025-02927-0"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72034","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.72034","article-title":"Multiple Granular Cell Tumors of the New Born: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Butt","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110085","article-title":"Congenital epulis of the newborn; A case report","volume":"122","author":"Abera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21699\/jns.v7i3.777","article-title":"Neumann\u2019s Tumor\u2014A Rare Neonatal Tumor","volume":"7","author":"Sahin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neonatal. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-3137","article-title":"Congenital Fibrous Epulis in a 4-year-old Girl: A Rare Case Report","volume":"18","author":"Hiremath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"e25730","article-title":"Congenital Epulis of the Newborn: A Report on Two Cases","volume":"14","author":"AlAllah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2015-0027","article-title":"Risk factors involved in orofacial cleft predisposition\u2014Review","volume":"10","author":"Kawalec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-135","article-title":"Congenital Granular Cell Epulis of Newborn: Importance of Prenatal Diagnosis","volume":"113","author":"Torresani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"6","article-title":"Maternal factors in the origin of cleft lip\/cleft palate: A population-based case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Nemes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160173","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160173","article-title":"Nasal endoscopy: An adjunct to patient selection for preoperative low-dose CT examination in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"45","author":"Fraczek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.03.009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of choanal atresia with transnasal endoscopic approach with stentless single side-hinged flap technique: 5 year retrospective analysis","volume":"83","author":"Saraniti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244326","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244326","article-title":"Congenital Granular Cell Epulis: A Rare Paediatric Tumour of Newborn","volume":"15","author":"Xavier","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.03.005","article-title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillofacial region in children and adolescents: Report of 9 cases and literature review","volume":"45","author":"Iatrou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000605211053769","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211053769","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis and multidisciplinary management: A case report of congenital granular cell epulis and literature review","volume":"49","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Y., Qiu, W., Zhang, Y., Hua, M., Liu, S., and Dong, Z. (2024). From prenatal diagnosis to surgical treatment: Two case reports of congenital granular cell epulis. Pathol. Oncol. Res., 30.","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2024.1611834"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/FM9.0000000000000225","article-title":"A Clinical Observation Report on Prenatal Management and Postnatal Treatment of Congenital Granular Cell Epulis","volume":"6","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Matern. Fetal Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_208_22","article-title":"Congenital Granular Cell Tumour\u2014Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.24045","article-title":"Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Congenital Granular Cell Epulis: A Rare Case Description","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5593","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of congenital head, face, and neck malformations-Is complementary fetal MRI of value?","volume":"40","author":"Zemet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/19\/3131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:10:27Z","timestamp":1790741427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/19\/3131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics16193131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics16193131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]}}}