{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:57:29Z","timestamp":1790769449344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, LHSC Victoria Children\u2019s Hospital, Western University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cgtjz78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of the Alternative Funding Plan of the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is a clinically relevant but still incompletely characterized manifestation of pediatric Behcet\u2019s disease (PedBD). This systematic review provides a focused analysis of GI involvement in PedBD (addressing its frequency, clinical symptomatology, anatomical\/endoscopic features, and therapeutic management) as a dedicated sub-analysis of a broader systematic review. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies reporting GI involvement in patients with PedBD (disease onset before 16 years of age) were included, and data on frequency, symptoms, anatomical\/endoscopic findings, and treatment of GI-PedBD were extracted and synthesized. Results: Thirty studies were included. Most studies were not focused on GI manifestations in PedBD as a (primary) study aim. The frequency of GI involvement ranged widely across the selected articles with a median of approximately 15% among studies with \u226550 pediatric BD patients. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the most consistently reported symptoms. Endoscopic data indicated frequent involvement of the ileocecal region and terminal ileum, with mucosal ulcers and erosions as the predominant findings. Therapeutic data specific to GI-PedBD were limited to two studies only. As an appendix to the systematic review in the discussion, relevant case reports were described: anti-TNF agents, particularly adalimumab, showed favorable outcomes in refractory cases. Conclusions: GI involvement in PedBD is not negligible and can be severe. Its clinical and endoscopic characterization remains incomplete due to substantial heterogeneity in reporting practices across studies. Anti-TNF agents may represent an effective therapeutic option, especially for refractory GI-PedBD. Prospective and multicenter studies with standardized GI assessment protocols are needed to better characterize this clinically relevant subgroup of PedBD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16193184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:59:25Z","timestamp":1790765965000},"page":"3184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastrointestinal Involvement in Pediatric Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease: A Focused Analysis from a Comprehensive Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Poddighe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Innovation in Health Sciences (IHS), VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Behcet\u2019s and Autoinflammatory Diseases Center, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaure","family":"Mukusheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric CAD, Mother and Child Center, \u201cUniversity Medical Center\u201d Corporate Fund, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Multispecialist Medical Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erdal","family":"Sag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selcan","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4555-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Zitoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Piskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Behcet\u2019s and Autoinflammatory Diseases Center, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4525-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erkan","family":"Demirkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Behcet\u2019s and Autoinflammatory Diseases Center, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.208","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et syndrome: A contemporary view","volume":"14","author":"Yazici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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