{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:01:15Z","timestamp":1791198075946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share major transmission routes and may coexist in the same individual, making coordinated molecular assessment clinically important. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal laboratory-based study evaluated the patient-level association between HIV-1 RNA detection and HBV DNA detection using routine molecular testing data from a tertiary-care hospital in Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye. HIV-1 RNA and HBV DNA results obtained between 1 January 2022 and 1 August 2026 were linked at the patient level. A total of 5303 unique patients had HIV-1 RNA testing and 30,981 unique patient records had HBV DNA testing; these were separate source populations, and 529 individuals with results available for both molecular assays constituted the primary analytical cohort. Results: Among the 529 patients, HIV-1 RNA was detected at least once in 246 (46.5%), while HBV DNA was detected at least once in 147 (27.8%). HBV DNA detection occurred in 83\/246 (33.7%) patients with at least one detectable HIV-1 RNA result and in 64\/283 (22.6%) patients with no detectable HIV-1 RNA in any available measurement (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.19\u20132.56; p = 0.005). However, the association was attenuated after adjustment for age and sex and was no longer statistically significant (adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.84\u20131.94; p = 0.255). HIV-1 RNA magnitude and HIV-1 RNA categories were not significantly associated with HBV DNA detection, and no significant correlation was observed between same-day HIV-1 RNA and HBV DNA levels (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1 = 0.161; p = 0.387) or between the nearest quantitative measurements obtained within \u00b130 days (\u03c1 = 0.171; p = 0.245). Because treatment exposure and adherence information were unavailable, the observed molecular patterns could not be interpreted as direct measures of treatment response or treatment failure. Conclusions: These findings indicate that HIV-1 RNA detection status or magnitude should not be used as a surrogate for HBV DNA detection and support independent, clinically indicated HBV assessment in people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16193214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1791194547000},"page":"3214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between HIV-1 RNA Detection Status and HBV DNA Detection: A Patient-Level Retrospective Longitudinal Molecular Study from Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Yaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul 34899, Turkey"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul 34865, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kubra","family":"Alay Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul 34865, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, August 31). 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