{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:37:01Z","timestamp":1792654621633,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,22]],"date-time":"2018-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary indication of fine-needle aspiration cytology of the head and neck region is a thyroid nodule or a mass located in the cervical area or the head. Although a thyroid nodule may raise the suspicion of malignancy, less than one in 20 cases results in a carcinoma. In addition, the list of differential diagnoses is quite different according to the age of the patient. A number of benign lesions, such as branchial cysts, sialadenosis, and sialoadenitis are often seen in childhood and youth. The malignant lesions that are on the top of the list of a pediatric mass of the head and neck (H&amp;N) region include rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. This critical review of the diagnostic features of a pediatric mass of the H&amp;N region is accompanied by panels of several cytology features that may be of help to the cytopathologist and clinician.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics8020028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T04:44:48Z","timestamp":1524545088000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Neck Masses in Childhood. An Illustrative Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consolato","family":"Sergi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesh","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Ann","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20829","article-title":"Techniques for thyroid FNA: A synopsis of the national cancer institute thyroid fine-needle aspiration state of the science conference","volume":"36","author":"Pitman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20827","article-title":"Indications for thyroid FNA and pre-FNA requirements: A synopsis of the national cancer institute thyroid fine-needle aspiration state of the science conference","volume":"36","author":"Cibas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn. 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