{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:12:32Z","timestamp":1763017952611,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) following stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a common complication in patients that have undergone allogenic SCT but rare in recipients of autologous SCT. Gastro-intestinal tract (GIT)-GVHD can be difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms such as fever, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting; a histological confirmation is therefore required. Here, we present the findings of a whole-body 18FDG PET\/CT with extensive and multifocal involvement of the GIT in a patient that developed severe acute GVHD 93 days post autologous SCT for Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. PET and CT findings included characteristic patterns of bowel inflammation with bowel wall thickening, mural stratification and enhancement with high FDG-uptake of the involved regions, as well as typical extra intestinal findings such as ascites, engorgement of the vasa recti and stranding of the mesenteric fat. Although, the above-mentioned findings are not exclusive to GIT-GVHD and can be seen in other settings of inflammatory bowel disease such as enterocolitis or Mb Crohn our findings were used for targeted biopsy that confirmed acute GIT-GVHD. This case demonstrates that 18F-FDG-PET\/CT can be a valuable non-invasive tool in mapping the activity and distribution of intestinal GVHD and direct for targeted biopsies of involved regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics8040072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T02:52:53Z","timestamp":1539658373000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["18 F-FDG PET\/CT in Extensive Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5540-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danijela","family":"Dejanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Amtoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Loft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/103.6.690","article-title":"Assessment of Histopathologic Changes in the Colonic Biopsy in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease","volume":"103","author":"Nadal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.6.1811621","article-title":"CT Features with Pathologic Correlation of Acute Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Adults","volume":"181","author":"Kalantari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.5530040710","article-title":"Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in man","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Cell Cloning"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.10.011","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease in Recipients of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome","volume":"12","author":"Holmberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Boil. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660300067014","article-title":"Acute graft-vs-host disease: Development following autologous and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"123","author":"Hood","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.157","article-title":"A case of severe cutaneous, GI and liver GVHD in a patient with multiple myeloma, status-post-second auto-SCT","volume":"45","author":"Goddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22227","article-title":"Spontaneous graft versus host disease occurring in a patient with multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplant","volume":"87","author":"Christian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(00)00677-9","article-title":"Acute graft-vs-host disease: Pathobiology and management","volume":"29","author":"Goker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119164","article-title":"Clinical molecular imaging in intestinal graft-versus-host disease: Mapping of disease activity, prediction, and monitoring of treatment efficiency by positron emission tomography","volume":"111","author":"Stelljes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"131","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT for the assessment of gastrointestinal GVHD: Results of a pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Lacombe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000276923.39634.44","article-title":"Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography as a Novel Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease","volume":"84","author":"Auberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.271065080","article-title":"Bowel Hot Spots at PET-CT","volume":"27","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2007","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2013.46.4.327","article-title":"Computed Tomography Enterography for Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2002.1068","article-title":"Bowel Wall Thickening in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease: CT Patterns and Correlation with Inflammatory Activity","volume":"58","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2382041159","article-title":"Crohn Disease: Mural Attenuation and Thickness at Contrast-enhanced CT Enterography\u2014Correlation with Endoscopic and Histologic Findings of Inflammation","volume":"238","author":"Bodily","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/8\/4\/72\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:25:44Z","timestamp":1760196344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/8\/4\/72"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics8040072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics8040072","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]}}}