{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:58:20Z","timestamp":1780995500982,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associated New Zealand ME Society","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001563","name":"Otago Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CT 376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT 376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Healthcare Otago Charitable Trust","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"name":"Private bequests","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"name":"Lottery Health (New Zealand)","award":["AP326816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP326816"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) is a severe fatigue illness that occurs most commonly following a viral infection, but other physiological triggers are also implicated. It has a profound long-term impact on the life of the affected person. ME\/CFS is diagnosed primarily by the exclusion of other fatigue illnesses, but the availability of multiple case definitions for ME\/CFS has complicated diagnosis for clinicians. There has been ongoing controversy over the nature of ME\/CFS, but a recent detailed report from the Institute of Medicine (Academy of Sciences, USA) concluded that ME\/CFS is a medical, not psychiatric illness. Importantly, aspects of the biological basis of the ongoing disease have been revealed over the last 2\u20133 years that promise new leads towards an effective clinical diagnostic test that may have a general application. Our detailed molecular studies with a preclinical study of ME\/CFS patients, along with the complementary research of others, have reported an elevation of inflammatory and immune processes, ongoing neuro-inflammation, and decreases in general metabolism and mitochondrial function for energy production in ME\/CFS, which contribute to the ongoing remitting\/relapsing etiology of the illness. These biological changes have generated potential molecular biomarkers for use in diagnostic ME\/CFS testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9030073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T11:56:51Z","timestamp":1562759811000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Current Research Provides Insight into the Biological Basis and Diagnostic Potential for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1687-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiren","family":"Sweetman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Edgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Helliwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosamund","family":"Vallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howick Health and Medical Centre, Auckland 2014, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.06.016","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome, the immune system and viral infection","volume":"26","author":"Bansal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. 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