{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:05:21Z","timestamp":1764079521449,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan","award":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-012, MOST-108-2314-B-195-014, MOST-106-2314-B-195-015-MY2, and MOST-105-2628-B-195-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-108-2314-B-195-012, MOST-108-2314-B-195-014, MOST-106-2314-B-195-015-MY2, and MOST-105-2628-B-195-001-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) generally appear unaffected at birth but may develop multiple clinical manifestations including profound growth impairment as they grow older. Each type of MPS has a variable age at onset and variable rate of progression, however, information regarding growth in Asian children is limited. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 129 Taiwanese patients with MPS (age range, 0.7 to 19.5 years, median age, 7.9 years) from eight medical centers in Taiwan from January 1996 through December 2018. Results: The mean z scores for the first recorded values of height, weight, and body mass index in the patients\u2019 medical records were \u22124.25, \u22121.04, and 0.41 for MPS I (n = 9), \u22122.31, 0.19, and 0.84 for MPS II (n = 49), \u22120.42, 0.08, and \u22120.12 for MPS III (n = 27), \u22126.02, \u22122.04, and 0.12 for MPS IVA (n = 30), and \u22124.46, \u22121.52, and 0.19 for MPS VI (n = 14), respectively. MPS IVA had the lowest mean z scores for both height and weight among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III, which showed the mildest growth retardation. Both z scores for height and weight were negatively correlated with increasing age for all types of MPS (p &lt; 0.01). Of 32 patients younger than 5 years of age, 16 (50%), and 23 (72%) had positive z scores of height and weight, respectively. A substantial number of younger patients with MPS I, II, III, and IVA had a positive height z score. The median age at diagnosis was 3.9 years (n = 115). Conclusions: The patients with MPS IVA had the most significant growth retardation among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III. The height and weight of the MPS patients younger than 2\u20135 years of age were higher than those of healthy individuals, however, their growth significantly decelerated in subsequent years. Understanding the growth curve and potential involved in each type of MPS may allow for early diagnosis and timely management of the disease, which may improve the quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9040148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T12:14:05Z","timestamp":1571055245000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relationships among Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, and Age in Taiwanese Children with Different Types of Mucopolysaccharidoses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9619-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 400, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pao Chin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dau-Ming","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuu-Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 400, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wuh-Liang","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shio Jean","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 700, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Children\u2019s Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Kuang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9776-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuan-Pei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Infant and Child Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3421","article-title":"The mucopolysaccharidoses","volume":"Volume 136","author":"Scriver","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited 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