{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:51:37Z","timestamp":1760151097535,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New advancements in the medical community have rapidly occurred with the development of medical information across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccine manufacturers were able to obtain clearance to administer vaccines in selected age groups and for those at high risk for COVID-19 complications. As vaccines became more readily available, there was a significant effort supported by scientific information to get people vaccinated to boost herd immunity. Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare autoimmune disease, causing demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, presenting as monophasic, acute-onset, and rapidly progressive multifocal neurological deficits. A wide variety of precipitating factors can trigger ADEM, and it has long been known to be a rare adverse event following some types of vaccinations including rabies, diphtheria\u2013tetanus\u2013polio, smallpox, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, influenza, and hepatitis B vaccines. Recently, ADEM has also been associated with COVID-19 infection and (very rarely) with COVID-19 vaccination. We have a 56-year-old female who was not known to have any medical issues. She voluntarily received her first COVID-19 vaccination (AstraZeneca) ten days after immunization; she developed weakness of the lower limbs and slurred speech. She tested negative for COVID-19, and a brain MRI showed T2-weighted white-matter hyperintense lesions suggesting acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. She was managed with pulse-dose steroids, which resulted in a marked improvement in her symptoms, and discharged in a stable condition. Physicians should be aware of this neurological disorder and the management options for better patient care and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1645431286000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al-Quliti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, National Guard Hospital, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42324, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Quadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, National Guard Hospital, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42324, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babar","family":"Abdulhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, National Guard Hospital, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42324, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alhanouf","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakan","family":"Alhujeily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-madinah Almunwwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.05.002","article-title":"Post vaccination encephalomyelitis: Literature review and illustrative case","volume":"15","author":"Huynh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neursci."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brighton Collaboration (2022, January 08). Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Case Definition Pictorial Algorithm. The Task Force for Global Health. Available online: https:\/\/brightoncollaboration.us\/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-adem-case-definition-companion-guide\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrino, P., Carnovale, C., Perrone, V., Pozzi, M., Antoniazzi, S., Clemente, E., and Radice, S. (2013). Correction: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis onset: Evaluation based on vaccine adverse events reporting systems. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/1d544202-04f5-4848-83f1-696c2de4221e"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232338","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232338","article-title":"Adenovirus as a rare cause of acute necrotizing encephalitis","volume":"12","author":"Sakrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.143","article-title":"Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: Predictors of response","volume":"58","author":"Keegan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00042-9","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","volume":"21","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e239597","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-239597","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) associated with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Langley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09951-9","article-title":"COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)","volume":"267","author":"Parsons","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_651_19","article-title":"Post-vaccinial encephalomyelitis\u2014Probable acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A case report","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Permezel, F., Borojevic, B., Lau, S., and de Boer, H.H. (2021). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following recent Oxford\/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-021-00440-7"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2021.100381","article-title":"An 88-year-old woman with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following messenger ribonucleic acid-based COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eneurologicalsci"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2401809","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following vaccination against hepatitis B in a child: A case report and literature review","volume":"2016","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Neurol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02423-8","article-title":"Omeprazole-induced and pantoprazole-induced asymptomatic hyponatremia: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Logtenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.279688","article-title":"Tumefactive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","volume":"68","author":"Ghali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. India"}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/10\/1\/13\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:23:31Z","timestamp":1760135011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/10\/1\/13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases10010013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases10010013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-9721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]}}}