{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:01:59Z","timestamp":1784739719563,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteric viruses are commonly found obligate parasites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These viruses usually follow a fecal-oral route of transmission and are characterized by their extraordinary stability as well as resistance in high-stress environments. Most of them cause similar symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In order to come in contract with mucosal surfaces, these viruses need to pass the three main lines of defense: mucus layer, innate immune defenses, and adaptive immune defenses. The following atypical gastrointestinal infections are discussed: SARS-CoV2, hantavirus, herpes simplex virus I, cytomegalovirus, and calicivirus. Dysbiosis represents any modification to the makeup of resident commensal communities from those found in healthy individuals and can cause a patient to become more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. The interaction between bacteria, viruses, and host physiology is still not completely understood. However, with growing research on viral infections, dysbiosis, and new methods of detection, we are getting closer to understanding the nature of these viruses, their typical and atypical characteristics, long-term effects, and mechanisms of action in different organ systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:04:55Z","timestamp":1665965095000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atypical Viral Infections in Gastroenterology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Neira","family":"Crn\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilid\u017ea, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijah","family":"Rifatbegovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirsada","family":"Huki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Diagnostics and Research Nalaz, \u010cekalu\u0161a 69, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Deumi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilid\u017ea, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emina","family":"Pramenkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilid\u017ea, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0601-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Selimagi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterohepatology, General Hospital \u201cPrim. dr. Abdulah Nakas\u201d, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismet","family":"Gavrankapetanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Bolni\u010dka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Avdi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilid\u017ea, Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/IJTDH\/2016\/21895","article-title":"Water and Waterborne Diseases: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Forstinus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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