{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:35:53Z","timestamp":1792463753025,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Encephalitis, a well-known complication of measles, is inflammation of the brain parenchyma which is mostly due to the viral invasion of neurons. It presents with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe depending on the extent of the damaged neurons. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, altered level of consciousness, focal neurological deficits, etc. A detailed history and physical examination facilitate the diagnosis. Investigations include blood tests for measles-specific antibodies, CT, MRI, and analysis of the CSF. The management of measles-induced encephalitis mainly revolves around prevention against contracting the disease and providing supportive care if acquired. The administration of the measles vaccine is the major means of preventing this disease in childhood. Two doses are required to achieve sufficient immunity against measles, the first at the age of 12\u201315 months and the second at 4\u20136 years of age. Supportive care includes administering acetaminophen for fever, oral rehydrating salt (ORS) for diarrhea and vomiting, antibiotics for otitis media and pneumonia, and using anti-epileptics such as sodium valproate for seizures. Vitamin A can be given to prevent severe effects in children. The specific treatment would depend on the type of encephalitis the patient has developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:05:21Z","timestamp":1668654321000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Measles Induced Encephalitis: Recent Interventions to Overcome the Obstacles Encountered in the Management Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mufaddal Najmuddin","family":"Diwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College, Karachi 75700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College, Karachi 75700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabeea","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College, Karachi 75700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alifiya","family":"Aamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College, Karachi 75700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoha","family":"Allahuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow Medical College, Karachi 75700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1100-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"},{"name":"Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifayat","family":"Ullah Afridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"},{"name":"Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneela","family":"Ambreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"},{"name":"Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimra","family":"Ehsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoia","family":"Ehsan Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3934-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ventriglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4415-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"De Berardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy"},{"name":"School of Nursing, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443100 Samara, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, January 17). 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