{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:35:54Z","timestamp":1772134554407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the Western world. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). The aim of this study was to assess the role of Lp(a) and its autoantibodies [autoAbs] in CAVS in patients with and without CHD. We included 250 patients (mean age 69 \u00b1 3 years, males 42%) and divided them into three groups. There were two groups of patients with CAVS depending on the presence (group 1) or absence of CHD (group 2). The control group included the patients without CHD or CAVS. According to logistic regression analysis, levels of Lp(a), IgM autoAbs to oxidized Lp(a) (oxLp(a)), and age were independent predictors of CAVS. A concomitant increase in Lp(a) level (\u226530 mg\/dL) and a decrease in IgM autoAbs concentration (&lt;9.9 lab. Units) are associated with CAVS with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.4, p &lt; 0.01, and with CAVS and CHD with an OR of 17.3, p &lt; 0.001. IgM autoantibodies to oxLp(a) are associated with calcific aortic valve stenosis regardless of Lp(a) concentration and other risk factors. Higher Lp(a) and lower IgM autoantibodies to oxLp(a) levels are associated with a much higher risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1678072925000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lipoprotein(a) and Its Autoantibodies in Association with Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Burdeynaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lipid Disorders, Department of Atherosclerosis, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga I.","family":"Afanasieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1518-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marat V.","family":"Ezhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lipid Disorders, Department of Atherosclerosis, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena A.","family":"Klesareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Saidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey N.","family":"Pokrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2019.09.010","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Aortic Stenosis and Future Perspectives for Medical Therapy","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00563-3","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"29","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2013.057","article-title":"Aortic stenosis: New thoughts on a cardiac disease of older people","volume":"113","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Osteopath. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308011","article-title":"Prevalence of Elevated Lp(a) Mass Levels and Patient Thresholds in 532 359 Patients in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Varvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034","article-title":"Genetic associations with valvular calcification and aortic stenosis","volume":"368","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1043","article-title":"Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"72","author":"Libby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328364e85a","article-title":"Oxidation-specific epitopes as targets for biotheranostic applications in humans: Biomarkers, molecular imaging and therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02139","article-title":"Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review","volume":"11","author":"Reyneveld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tmoyan, N.A., Afanasieva, O.I., Ezhov, M.V., Klesareva, E.A., Balakhonova, T.V., and Pokrovsky, S.N. (2021). Lipoprotein(a), Immunity, and Inflammation in Polyvascular Atherosclerotic Disease. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd8020011"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"e35","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Scanu, A.M. (1990). Lipoprotein(a), Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"398","article-title":"An immunoenzyme method for determining lipoprotein(a)","volume":"120","author":"Afanasieva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"24","article-title":"The immune-enzyme analysis based on chimeric molecule and oligopeptide fragmentations to detect autoantibodies to b-adrenergic receptor in patients with dilation cardiomyopathy","volume":"4","author":"Klesareva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Klin. Lab. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.10.005","article-title":"Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy","volume":"130","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S34587","article-title":"Clinical and economic outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement in Medicare patients","volume":"5","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Risk Manag. Healthc Policy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.113.000400","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels, genotype, and incident aortic valve stenosis: A prospective Mendelian randomization study and replication in a case-control cohort","volume":"3","author":"Arsenault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.07.510","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult","volume":"32","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"149","article-title":"Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Seventh Special Issue","volume":"3","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Apher."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.002","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCN. A Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"24","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"1","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319716688415","article-title":"The Prevalence of Lipoprotein(a) Measurement and Degree of Elevation Among 2710 Patients With Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis in an Academic Echocardiography Laboratory Setting","volume":"9","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16006","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.6","article-title":"Calcific aortic stenosis","volume":"2","author":"Lindman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.093","article-title":"Calcific aortic stenosis: A disease of the valve and the myocardium","volume":"19","author":"Dweck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.844","article-title":"Characterization of the early lesion of \u2018degenerative\u2019 valvular aortic stenosis: Histologic and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"2","author":"Otto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2013.02.005","article-title":"Oxidation-specific epitopes and immunological responses: Translational biotheranostic implications for atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Leibundgut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.15829\/1560-4071-2018-8-13-20","article-title":"Raised IgM autoantibody titer to lipoproteide(a) as antiatherogenic factor in severe hypercholesterolemia patients","volume":"8","author":"Klesareva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Russian J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.013","article-title":"Autoantibodies and immune complexes to oxidation-specific epitopes and progression of aortic stenosis: Results from the ASTRONOMER trial","volume":"260","author":"Capoulade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.979","article-title":"Oxidation-specific biomarkers, prospective 15-year cardiovascular and stroke outcomes, and net reclassification of cardiovascular events","volume":"60","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043876","article-title":"Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) Investigators. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis","volume":"23","author":"Cowell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1343","article-title":"SEAS Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.900027","article-title":"Effect of lipid lowering with rosuvastatin on progression of aortic stenosis: Results of the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial","volume":"2","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0728","article-title":"An Exploratory Analysis of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9 Inhibition and Aortic Stenosis in the FOURIER Trial","volume":"6","author":"Bergmark","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2014.1003641","article-title":"Vaccination to modulate atherosclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2019.07.003","article-title":"Vaccination against atherosclerosis: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Amirfakhryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hell. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/11\/1\/43\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:47:02Z","timestamp":1760122022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/11\/1\/43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases11010043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases11010043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]}}}