{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:35:06Z","timestamp":1769160906951,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Systems Research Institute","award":["63-116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-116"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["63-116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-116"]}]},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology","award":["63-116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-116"]}]},{"name":"Chulalongkorn University","award":["63-116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-116"]}]},{"name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital","award":["63-116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious illness worldwide. While guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 have been established, the understanding of the relationship among neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, and the combined use of antiviral medications, steroid drugs, and convalescent plasma therapy remains limited. Here, we investigated the connection between the immunological response and the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe pneumonia. The study included a retrospective analysis of 49 patients aged 35 to 57. We conducted clinical assessments to determine antibody levels, biochemical markers, and cytokine levels. Among the patients, 48 (98%) were discharged, while one died. We observed significantly higher levels of anti-nucleocapsid, anti-spike, and neutralizing antibodies on days 3, 7, and 14 after the transfusion compared to before treatment. Serum CRP and D-dimer levels varied significantly across these four time points. Moreover, convalescent plasma therapy demonstrated an immunoregulatory effect on cytokine parameters, with significant differences in IFN-\u03b2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b1 levels observed at different sampling times. Evaluating the cytokine signature, along with standard clinical and laboratory parameters, may help to identify the onset of a cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients and determine the appropriate indication for anti-cytokine treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11030112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:44:46Z","timestamp":1693388686000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamics of Cytokine, SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG, and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Convalescent Plasma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2982-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornpitra","family":"Pratedrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duangnapa","family":"Intharasongkroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jira","family":"Chansaenroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeyaporn","family":"Vichaiwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donchida","family":"Srimuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaksaporn","family":"Thatsanatorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirapa","family":"Klinfueng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornjarim","family":"Nilyanimit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chintana","family":"Chirathaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawinee","family":"Kupatawintu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dootchai","family":"Chaiwanichsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasamon","family":"Wanlapakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Poovorawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Royal Society of Thailand (FRS(T)), Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghayda, R.A., Lee, J., Lee, J.Y., Kim, D.K., Lee, K.H., Hong, S.H., Han, Y.J., Kim, J.S., Yang, J.W., and Kronbichler, A. 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