{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:31:33Z","timestamp":1777545093647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to assess glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes (DM1) patients. Apolipoproteins play an essential role in DM1 pathophysiology and may be associated with complications and HbA1c. This cross-sectional observational study of 81 children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with DM1 investigated the relationship between body fat distribution and lean mass with HbA1C and apolipoprotein values, analyzing biochemical and body composition measurements. A Shapiro\u2013Wilk test with Lilliefors correction, a non-parametric Mann\u2013Whitney test, and others were used with a significance level of 5%. The sample had a diagnosis time of 4.32 years and high blood glucose levels (mean 178.19 mg\/dL) and HbA1c (mean 8.57%). Subjects also had a moderate level of adiposity, as indicated by arm and thigh fat areas. The study also found significant differences in the distribution of patients concerning levels of apolipoproteins A and B, with a smaller proportion of patients having undesirable levels. Finally, the study found a significant difference in the distribution of patients with estimated cardiovascular risk based on the ApoB\/ApoA-I ratio. Conclusively, visceral fat in children and adolescents with DM1 may increase the risk of DM1 long-term complications owing to its association with elevated HbA1C and apolipoprotein values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11040125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1695551786000},"page":"125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Influence of Body Fat and Lean Mass on HbA1c and Lipid Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Thais","family":"Menegucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Federighi Baisi","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health and Aging, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Mar\u00edlia (FAMEMA), Mar\u00edlia 17519-030, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"de Oliveira Zanuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Mar\u00edlia (FATEC), Mar\u00edlia 17500-000, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesselina Francisco","family":"dos Santos Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tereza La\u00eds","family":"Menegucci Zutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Felipe Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Cressoni Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elen","family":"Landgraf Guiguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Mar\u00edlia (FATEC), Mar\u00edlia 17500-000, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rucco P. 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