{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:30:26Z","timestamp":1790836226065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K11183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K11183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A number of studies have recently demonstrated the effectiveness of CO2 laser irradiation for the repair and regeneration of scar tissue from injuries or surgical wounds. However, such studies of the oral mucosa are highly limited. Previous studies using CO2 laser irradiation have indicated that two factors contribute to esthetic healing, namely, artificial scabs, which are a coagulated and carbonized blood layer formed on the wound surface, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for suppressing wound scarring and promoting wound healing. This review outlines basic research and clinical studies of esthetic healing with the use of a CO2 laser for both artificial scab formation by high-intensity laser therapy and PBMT in the treatment of injuries and surgical wounds with small parenchymal defects in oral soft tissues. The results showed that the wound surface was covered by an artificial scab, enabling the accumulation of blood and the perfusion necessary for tissue regeneration and repair. Subsequent PBMT also downregulated the expression of transformation growth factor-b1, which is involved in tissue scarring, and decreased the appearance of myofibroblasts. Taken together, artificial scabs and PBMT using CO2 lasers contribute to the suppression of scarring in the tissue repair process, leading to favorable esthetic and functional outcomes of wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11040172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1701153935000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CO2 Laser for Esthetic Healing of Injuries and Surgical Wounds with Small Parenchymal Defects in Oral Soft Tissues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Daigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 2-2-14 Higashitanabe, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546-0032, Japan"},{"name":"Nogami Dental Office, 4-22-18 Nishiimagawa, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546-0042, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erina","family":"Daigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nogami Dental Office, 4-22-18 Nishiimagawa, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546-0042, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka Dental Office, 704-4 Torai, Satsuma-gun, Kagoshima 895-1811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuko","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka Dental Office, 704-4 Torai, Satsuma-gun, Kagoshima 895-1811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Idogaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 2-2-14 Higashitanabe, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546-0032, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bees Dental Office, 6-904 Befudanchi, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0106, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 2-2-14 Higashitanabe, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546-0032, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199712000-00006","article-title":"The mental V-Y island advancement flap in functional lower lip reconstruction","volume":"100","author":"Bayramicli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast. 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