{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T01:26:13Z","timestamp":1774488373068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has always been a challenge for health professionals in relation to glycemic control. Increased body fat has been related to a worsening of the lipid profile and increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in this population, leading to negative repercussions on the control of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the distribution of lipid levels and the presence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with T1DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 individuals of both sexes (4\u201319 years) diagnosed with T1DM. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected, in addition to data on physical activity level, sexual maturation stage, and insulin administration regimen. Lipid levels were categorized as normal, borderline, and elevated, and the presence of dyslipidemia was diagnosed by the presence of one or more altered lipid parameter. We noted a prevalence of dyslipidemia in 65.4% of the participants when considering borderline lipid values. Of those, 23.5% had one altered lipid level, and 42.0% had two or more. The main altered lipid levels were total cholesterol and triglycerides, followed by non-HDL-c. The main factor associated with the worsening of lipid levels was the increase in HbA1c. Sex had a significant effect on the levels of TC, HDL-c, and ApoA-I. The results of this study reinforce the need to monitor lipid profile in children and adolescents with T1DM, as well as the importance of early intervention in treating dyslipidemia, especially in patients with poor glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12030045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1708937941000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigating the Incidence of Dyslipidemia among Brazilian Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fagundes Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3159-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Fornari","family":"Laurindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Mar\u00edlia (FAMEMA), Mar\u00edlia 17519-030, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia Portero","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, TX 75904, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance Alan","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, TX 75904, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Cressoni Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Bitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"La\u00eds Menegucci Zutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Haber Mellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Junqueira Mellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9930-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elen","family":"Landgraf Guiguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Cera Albarossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Rocha Gabaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cincotto dos S. Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesselina","family":"Francisco dos Santos Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Maria","family":"Barbalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6901-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Federighi Baisi Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), Universidade de Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"595","article-title":"Preventing CVD in Women: Common Questions and Answers","volume":"108","author":"Westfall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. 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