{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:18:17Z","timestamp":1792091897601,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun","award":["90-SIDUB.6102.39.2022.G4NCUS4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90-SIDUB.6102.39.2022.G4NCUS4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: SARS-CoV-2 can damage human placentas, leading to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and premature birth. This study investigates the histopathological changes found in COVID-19-affected placentas. Materials and Methods: This study included 23 placentas from patients with active COVID-19 during delivery and 22 samples from patients without COVID-19 infection in their medical history. The samples underwent histopathological examination for pathology, such as trophoblast necrosis, signs of vessel damage, or fetal vascular malperfusion. Results: Newborns from the research group have lower weights and Apgar scores than healthy newborns. In the COVID-19 group, calcifications and collapsed intervillous space were more frequent, and inflammation was more severe than in the healthy group. At the same time, the placenta of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed signs of accelerated vascular maturation. Trophoblast necrosis was found only in the placentas of the research group. The expression of CD68+ was elevated in the COVID-19 cohort, suggesting that macrophages constituted a significant part of the inflammatory infiltrate. The increase in lymphocyte B markers was associated with placental infarctions, while high levels of CD3+, specific for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, correlated with vascular injury. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 is associated with pathological changes in the placenta, including trophoblast necrosis, calcification, and accelerated villous maturation. Those changes appear to be driven by T cells and macrophages, whose increased expression reflects ongoing histiocytic intervillositis in the placenta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12070142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:23:55Z","timestamp":1719919435000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Delivery Causes Histopathological Changes in the Placenta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9873-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"Borowczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"G\u0105siorek-Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Szczerbowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Maniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Zdrenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Szadurska-Noga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-7598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Gostomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Rutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Olejnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Cnota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 41-703 Ruda \u015al\u0105ska, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Karp\u00f3w-Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Knypi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sekielska-Domanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Ludwikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Dubiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szylberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2000083","article-title":"An Overview of COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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