{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:00:00Z","timestamp":1788973200830,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Council For Research In Homoeopathy","award":["4-13\/2019-20\/CCRH\/Tech\/DS\/Kolkata\/DSU\/3255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4-13\/2019-20\/CCRH\/Tech\/DS\/Kolkata\/DSU\/3255"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated how Rhus toxicodendron (RT) (6C, 30C, and 200C) can boost the immune system of BALB\/c mice that were given cyclophosphamide (CPM), which is an anticancer drug that weakens the immune system. RT, known for its historical use in traditional homeopathic remedies, has demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in various experimental models. To test the immune-boosting effects of RT, CPM (80 mg\/kg) was given intraperitoneally to mice on days 4, 8, and 12 of the study but not to the normal control group. CPM-induced immunosuppression led to significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and reduced spleen and thymus indices. Phagocytic activity, cytokine concentrations, and spleen architecture were also adversely affected. RT treatment, particularly at 200C, significantly ameliorated these effects, improving RBC, WBC, and Hb levels. Furthermore, RT partially prevented CPM-induced atrophy of immune organs. Treatment positively influenced cytokine production at both the protein and mRNA levels, restoring immune balance. Histopathological results confirmed that RT stimulated the immune system. The cells were more stable, and the white pulp in the spleen was arranged in a regular pattern. These findings suggest that RT may serve as an adjunctive immunostimulant therapy for conditions characterized by immunosuppression. However, further investigations in other immunocompromised states must validate these results before considering human clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12080178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1723100485000},"page":"178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unveiling the Immunostimulatory Potential of Rhus Toxicodendron in Immunocompromised Balb\/C Mice Induced with Cyclophosphamide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vara Prasad","family":"Saka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Drug Standardization, Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute for Homeopathy, Under Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narasimha Kumar","family":"G. V.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Drug Standardization, Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute for Homeopathy, Under Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharat Kumar Reddy","family":"Sanapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM\u2019s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Jadcherla 509301, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abanti","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Drug Standardization, Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute for Homeopathy, Under Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute for Homeopathy, Rajendra Chatterjee Road, Kolkata 700035, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurag","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Drug Standardization, Dr. D P Rastogi Central Research Institute for Homeopathy, Under Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Digvijay","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Standardization, Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Janakpuri 110058, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director General, Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Governmentof India, Janakpuri 110058, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10133","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610750113","article-title":"Human mucosal-associated invariant T cells contribute to antiviral influenza immunity via IL-18\u2013dependent activation","volume":"113","author":"Loh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011149","article-title":"Human dendritic cells activate resting natural killer (NK) cells and are recognized via the NKp30 receptor by activated NK cells","volume":"195","author":"Ferlazzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4172\/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000340","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of gallic acid against cyclophosphamide-and cisplatin-induced immunosuppression in Swiss albino mice","volume":"80","author":"Shruthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.15586\/qas.v14i3.1103","article-title":"Norcantharidin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression via circBCL2L1\/miR-30c-3-3p\/TRAF6 axis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V41.2.273.273","article-title":"Mechanisms of immunosuppression: Effects of cyclophosphamide on cellular immunity","volume":"41","author":"Winkelstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, K., Iqbal, Z., Zahid Abbas, R., Kasib Khan, M., and Kashif Saleemi, M. (2017). Immunomodulatory activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract against mixed Eimeria infection in chickens. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.17957\/IJAB\/15.0397"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2007.03.001","article-title":"In vivo study of the anti-inflammatory effect of Rhus toxicodendron","volume":"96","author":"Perazzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757780","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Homoeopathic Medicine Rhus Toxicodendron","volume":"35","author":"Goswami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hom\u0153opathic Links"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.2.2.181","article-title":"On the active principle of Rhus toxicodendron and Rhus venenata","volume":"2","author":"Pfaff","year":"1897","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2009.02.011","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of Toxicodendron pubescens in experimental models","volume":"98","author":"Patil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.01.112","article-title":"Lipoxygenase-catalyzed polymerization of phenolic lipids suggests a new mechanism for allergic contact dermatitis induced by urushiol and its analogs","volume":"315","author":"Xia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Vickers, A., and Zollman, C. (2001). ABC of Complementary Medicine, netLibrary."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2011.01.001","article-title":"Modulation of arthritis in rats by Toxicodendron pubescens and its homeopathic dilutions","volume":"100","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2009.01.003","article-title":"Dual effect of Toxicodendron pubescens on Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats","volume":"98","author":"Patil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, M.F., Ajeibi, A.O., Safhi, M.H., Alabdly, A.J.A., Alshahrani, S., Rashid, H., Qadri, M., Jali, A.M., Alqahtani, S., and Nomier, Y. (2023). Therapeutic Potential of Capsaicin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Damage. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030911"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, V., Krishnan, A., Zahiruddin, S., Ahmad, S., and Vohora, D. (2023). Amelioration of Cyclophosphamide-Induced DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Hepato- and Neurotoxicity by Piper Longum Extract in Rats: The Role of \u0393H2AX and 8-OHdG. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1147823"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"100529","article-title":"Low-dose oral cyclophosphamide therapy reduces atherosclerosis progression by decreasing inflammatory cells in a murine model of atherosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Isoda","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJC Hear. Vasc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan, X., Chen, H., Liang, S., Yang, C., Yao, C., Xu, Y., Liu, H., and An, N. (2022). Revisited Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis. Biomed Res. Int., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8345737"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare(India) (1990). Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"AT10469","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Ultra High Dilutions of Camphora Officinarum: A Preclinical Investigation","volume":"30","author":"Goswami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Altern. Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.18311\/ti\/2023\/v30i2\/32299","article-title":"Safety Evaluation of Arsenicum Album in Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies in Rats","volume":"30","author":"Lal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.18311\/jnr\/2023\/31420","article-title":"Camphora Augments Humoral Mediated Immunity and Decreases Delayed type Hypersensitivity in BALB\/c Mice","volume":"23","author":"Saka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nat. Remedies"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Lu, J., Wang, J., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Li, L., Miao, L., and Zhang, H. (2021). Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice with traditional Chinese medicine Xuanfei Baidu decoction. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.730567"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.04.035","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of the extracts from the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne","volume":"101","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.04.026","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Amorphophallus commutatus var. wayanadensis under normal and cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive conditions in mice models","volume":"81","author":"Raj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01991F","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Activity of a Water-Soluble Polysaccharide Obtained from Highland Barley on Immunosuppressive Mice Models","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.-R., Kim, Y.-S., Lee, D.-R., Choi, B.-K., Kwon, K.-B., and Bae, G.-S. (2021). Echinacea purpurea alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12010105"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (2024, June 18). Evidence Check 2: Homeopathy. Available online: https:\/\/www.google.com.hk\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm200910\/cmselect\/cmsctech\/45\/45.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjt5azRhryHAxX7sVYBHe5IBE4QFnoECBkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3ZMuHyefSTMUsVoOYb79I5."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"47","article-title":"Serious mistakes in meta-analysis of homeopathic research","volume":"10","author":"Vithoulkas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Dong, Q., Kan, X., Peng, L., Xu, X., Fang, Y., and Yang, J. (2018). Immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Lonicera japonica in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204152"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103942","article-title":"Immunoenhancement effect of crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mice","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fo30230j","article-title":"A health food high-peptide meal alleviates immunosuppression induced by hydrocortisone and cyclophosphamide in mice","volume":"4","author":"Yingjian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1353479","article-title":"Nutrition, inflammation and liver-spleen axis","volume":"58","author":"Barrea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, C., Qu, H., Li, X., and Feng, B. (2023). Holothurian Wall Hydrolysate Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunocompromised Mice via Regulating Immune Response and Improving Gut Microbiota. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0923.v1"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91361.2008","article-title":"Effects of spaceflight on innate immune function and antioxidant gene expression","volume":"106","author":"Baqai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.038","article-title":"Protective effect of chitooligosaccharides against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice","volume":"62","author":"Mei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.03.033","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of Alaska pollock hydrolysates obtained by glutamic acid biosensor\u2013Artificial neural network and the identification of its active central fragment","volume":"24","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.248322","article-title":"Immune enhancement effect of an herb complex extract through the activation of natural killer cells and the regulation of cytokine levels in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression rat model","volume":"11","author":"Woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.04.006","article-title":"Alleviation of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Wistar rats by onion lectin (Allium cepa agglutinin)","volume":"186","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103420","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of collagen hydrolysates from yak (Bos grunniens) bone on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in BALB\/c mice","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.10.006","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in cirrhosis: Distinct cytokines phenotypes according to cirrhosis severity","volume":"77","author":"Dirchwolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.04.029","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease","volume":"78","author":"Sprague","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Y., Li, B., Jin, D., Zhan, M., Lu, J., and Huo, G. (2018). Immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1. 0318 in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Nutr. Res., 62.","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v62.1296"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(15)60201-1","article-title":"Ultra-Highly Diluted Plant Extracts of Hydrastis Canadensis and Marsdenia Condurango Induce Epigenetic Modifications and Alter Gene Expression Profiles in HeLa Cells in Vitro","volume":"13","author":"Saha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100354","article-title":"Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Activity of Homeopathic Drug Allium Sativum 6C Potency on Different Grades of Dyslipidemia in Wistar Albino Rat Models","volume":"2","author":"Mohan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed. Plus"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1727170","article-title":"Evidence for Reversal of Immunosuppression by Homeopathic Medicine to a Predominant Th1-Type Immune Response in BALB\/c Mice Infected with Leishmania Donovani","volume":"111","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saxena, S.K., Kumar, S., Maurya, V.K., Nayak, D., Kaushik, S., Manchanda, R.K., and Gadugu, S. (2023). Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Novel Belladonna Formulation against Japanese Encephalitis Virus via Inhibition of P65 Nuclear Translocation and TNF-\u03b1 Mediated NF-KB Signaling. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, Taylor & Francis Group.","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2023.2166258"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl-2023-0121","article-title":"Ultradiluted Eupatorium Perfoliatum Alleviates DENV-Induced Fibrosis By Regulation of TGF\u03b21, MMP-9 and Interferons","volume":"18","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Virol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2023.100850","article-title":"Homeopathic Preparation of Allium Sativum Abrogates OxLDL Mediated Atherogenic Events in Macrophages: An in Vitro and in Silico Approach","volume":"15","author":"Mohan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51319-w","article-title":"Arsenic Album 30C Exhibits Crystalline Nano Structure of Arsenic Trioxide and Modulates Innate Immune Markers in Murine Macrophage Cell Lines","volume":"14","author":"Rath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155932582110229","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258211022983","article-title":"Exploring Possible Mechanisms of Hormesis and Homeopathy in the Light of Nanopharmacology and Ultra-High Dilutions","volume":"19","author":"Ullman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dose-Response"}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/12\/8\/178\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:31:54Z","timestamp":1760110314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/12\/8\/178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases12080178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases12080178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]}}}