{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:01:48Z","timestamp":1775142108714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with diabetes are at higher risk of serious complications from many vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Some studies have highlighted the potential impact of glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), but no systematic review has synthesized these findings. Of the 823 identified studies, 3 were included, for a total of 705,349 participants. Regarding the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ), one study found that higher HbA1c levels at the baseline (&gt;10.3%) were associated with a significantly higher risk of HZ of 44%, compared to those with a good HbA1c control (6.7%). On the contrary, the second one reported that when compared to the reference group (HbA1c of 5.0\u20136.4%), participants with a HbA1c less than 5.0% were at higher risk of HZ of 63%, whilst participants with a HBA1c more than 9.5% had a similar risk. Finally, the third study observed that diabetes, defined using a value of HbA1c more than 7.5%, was associated with an increased risk of mortality in men with COVID-19. In conclusion, both high and low HBA1c levels appear to be associated with a higher risk of HZ. Regarding COVID-19, a value of HbA1c more than 7.5% was associated with a higher risk of death in COVID-19, but only in men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12080187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T03:43:28Z","timestamp":1724039008000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels and Vaccine Preventable Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elda","family":"De Vita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Limongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Branch, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3453-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Saracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Branch, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Ashour, W., Twells, L., Valcour, J., Randell, A., Donnan, J., Howse, P., and Gamble, J.-M. 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