{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:54:55Z","timestamp":1782359695474,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The term \u201cfetal programming\u201d refers to the effects of endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids, whether received from the mother or the fetus, on brain development and the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis reset. The authors of this narrative review examine the WHO\u2019s guidelines for prenatal corticosteroids in pregnant women who are at high risk of premature delivery. These guidelines are regarded as the best available for preventing late-life problems resulting from preterm. Methods: In order to find full-text publications published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2023 that were written in English, the authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Results: The authors highlight the possible adverse long-term effects of prenatal corticosteroid medication on human brain development and function. This pharmacological feature is therapeutically significant because there is less evidence in the scientific literature regarding the potential role that the timing, mode, and dosage of exogenous steroid treatment may have in neurological illnesses down the road. Conclusions: The authors expect that these studies will shed light on the relationship between specially designed prenatal corticosteroid therapy and the molecular mechanisms underlying the prenatal programming of neurodevelopment in childhood and adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12120336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T08:16:07Z","timestamp":1734941767000},"page":"336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Personalized Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy and Central Nervous System Development: Reflections on the Gold Standard of Fetomaternal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana R.","family":"Babovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radmila","family":"Spari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana D.","family":"Ple\u0161inac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161ica M. Kocijan\u010di\u0107","family":"Belovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovana D.","family":"Ple\u0161inac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavica S.","family":"Ak\u0161am","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0125-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera D.","family":"Ple\u0161inac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pecorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CERICSAL (Centro di Ricerca Clinico SALentino), \u201cVeris delli Ponti Hospital\u201d, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Tinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CERICSAL (Centro di Ricerca Clinico SALentino), \u201cVeris delli Ponti Hospital\u201d, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fee, L.E., Stock, J.S., and Kemp, W.M. 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