{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:59:52Z","timestamp":1780613992762,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Fatigue is a prevalent and complex condition with significant impacts on well-being. Existing fatigue assessments often lack comprehensiveness or practicality for general population studies. Methods: This study validated the REST Questionnaire, a novel fatigue assessment tool, in a sample of 268 adults. Psychometric properties, including internal consistency and construct validity, were evaluated. REST scores were correlated with WHO-5 well-being, BMI, self-rated health, and chronic conditions. Exploratory factor analysis identified underlying dimensions of fatigue. Results: The REST Questionnaire demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.918) and construct validity. Higher fatigue scores were associated with lower well-being, female gender, and the presence of certain chronic conditions (cancer, kidney stones, gastric ulcers). Two distinct fatigue dimensions, \u201cphysical fatigue and functional impacts\u201d and \u201cemotional and social consequences\u201d, were identified. Conclusions: The REST Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing fatigue in the general population. Its multidimensional framework and sensitivity to comorbidities offer valuable insights for research and public health applications, with the potential to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T04:42:08Z","timestamp":1736916128000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Development and Initial Validation of the REST Questionnaire: A Multidimensional Tool for Assessing Fatigue in Individuals with and Without a History of Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Buonerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Baio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Umberto I, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8328-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Istituito Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Passaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Istituito Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Tufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Istituito Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorino","family":"Montanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Unit, San Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, 80053 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale S. Maria della Piet\u00e0, 80026 Casoria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Department, ASL Salerno (SA), 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cappuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Department, ASL Salerno (SA), 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, San Paolo Hospital ASL Napoli 1 Centro, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Strianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7410-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Scafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100266","article-title":"Dissecting the Fatigue Experience: A Scoping Review of Fatigue Definitions, Dimensions, and Measures in Non-Oncologic Medical Conditions","volume":"15","author":"Billones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rio, C.J., Gehling, G.M., Blumhorst, C., Ross, A., and Saligan, L.N. (2024). Defining Fatigue from the Experiences of Patients Living with Chronic Fatigue. Front. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1429275"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P","article-title":"Development of a Fatigue Scale","volume":"37","author":"Chalder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzac120","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzac120","article-title":"Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Providers","volume":"102","author":"Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha\u00df, U., Herpich, C., and Norman, K. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Fatigue. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102315"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-7-18","article-title":"Further Validation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory in a US Adult Population Sample","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making Sense of Cronbach\u2019s Alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"7","article-title":"Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most from Your Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"River, U.S. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2018.39.3.180","article-title":"Comparison of Fatigue Severity and Quality of Life between Unexplained Fatigue Patients and Explained Fatigue Patients","volume":"39","author":"Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, T., Tan, X., Li, Y., Liang, Y., and Fan, J. (2024). The Relationship between Occupational Fatigue and Well-Being: The Moderating Effect of Unhealthy Eating Behaviour. Behav. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14010032"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.037","article-title":"Prevalence of Fatigue in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Tanash","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.127","article-title":"Impacts of Obesity and Stress on Neuromuscular Fatigue Development and Associated Heart Rate Variability","volume":"39","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go\u00ebrtz, Y.M.J., Braamse, A.M.J., Spruit, M.A., Janssen, D.J.A., Ebadi, Z., Van Herck, M., Burtin, C., Peters, J.B., Sprangers, M.A.G., and Lamers, F. (2021). Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Disease: Results from the Population-Based Lifelines Cohort Study. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00337-z"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The Fatigue Severity Scale","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O","article-title":"The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) Psychometric Qualities of an Instrument to Assess Fatigue","volume":"39","author":"Smets","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"677","article-title":"The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale: Psychometric Evaluation in Women with Breast Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Piper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncol. Nurs. Forum."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, J.-H., Park, N.-H., Kang, Y.-E., Ahn, Y.-C., Lee, E.-J., and Son, C.-G. (2023). The Demographic Features of Fatigue in the General Population Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1192121"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605552","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605552","article-title":"Association Between Pandemic Fatigue and Subjective Well-Being: The Indirect Role of Emotional Distress and Moderating Role of Self-Compassion","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2022.00548","article-title":"Impact of Peptic Ulcer Disease on the Quality of Life: A Cross Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Shanshal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0649","article-title":"Quality of Life and Urolithiasis: The Patient\u2013Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)","volume":"43","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Braz J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sleight, A.G., Crowder, S.L., Skarbinski, J., Coen, P., Parker, N.H., Hoogland, A.I., Gonzalez, B.D., Playdon, M.C., Cole, S., and Ose, J. (2022). A New Approach to Understanding Cancer-Related Fatigue: Leveraging the 3P Model to Facilitate Risk Prediction and Clinical Care. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14081982"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(96)00274-6","article-title":"Measuring Fatigue and Other Anemia-Related Symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Measurement System","volume":"13","author":"Yellen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pain. Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buonerba, C., De Placido, P., Bruzzese, D., Pagliuca, M., Ungaro, P., Bosso, D., Ribera, D., Iaccarino, S., Scafuri, L., and Liotti, A. (2018). Isoquercetin as an Adjunct Therapy in Patients with Kidney Cancer Receiving First-Line Sunitinib (QUASAR): Results of a Phase I Trial. Front. Pharmacol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00189"}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/13\/1\/15\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:28:57Z","timestamp":1759919337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/13\/1\/15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases13010015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases13010015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]}}}