{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:55:25Z","timestamp":1790610925760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Society for the Promotion of Research in Experimental Neurology, Vienna, Austria"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are the most common atypical parkinsonism (AP) syndromes. They are clinically characterized by varying combinations of levodopa-poorly responsive parkinsonism, motor, cerebellar, and other signs. They are associated with a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms, including prominent cognitive impairment such as global cognitive deficits, memory, executive, attentional, visuospatial, language, and non-verbal reasoning dysfunctions. Within the APs, their cognitive functioning is distributed along a continuum from MSA with the least impaired cognitive profile (similar to Parkinson\u2019s disease) to PSP and CBD with the greatest decline in global cognitive and executive domains. Although their pathological hallmarks are different\u2014MSA \u03b1-synucleinopathy, CBD, and PSP 4-repeat tauopathies\u2014cognitive dysfunctions in APs show both overlaps and dissimilarities. They are often preceding and anticipate motor dysfunctions, finally contributing to reduced quality of life of patients and caregivers. The present paper will review the current evidence of the prevalence and type of cognitive impairment in these AP syndromes, their neuroimaging, pathogenic backgrounds, and current management options based on extensive literature research. Cognitive dysfunctions in APs are due to disruption of prefronto-subcortical and striato-thalamo-cortical circuitries and multiple essential brain networks. This supports the concept that they are brain network disorders due to complex pathogenic mechanisms related to the basic proteinopathies that are still poorly understood. Therefore, the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in APs deserve further elucidation as a basis for early diagnosis and adequate treatment of these debilitating comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13020039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T09:16:26Z","timestamp":1738314986000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in Atypical Parkinsonism Syndromes: A Comprehensive Review of Current Understanding and Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9641-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt A.","family":"Jellinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5\/13, A-1150 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-024-01342-7","article-title":"Identification of metabolic pathways and key genes associated with atypical parkinsonism using a systems biology approach","volume":"39","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metab. 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