{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:15:06Z","timestamp":1791472506791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VICTOR BABES UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHAR-MACY TIMISOARA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrolyte imbalances are a frequently overlooked yet critical component of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney impairment, and metabolic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and acute kidney injury (AKI). These disturbances arise from insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and renal dysfunction, leading to sodium retention, potassium depletion, and deficiencies in calcium and magnesium homeostasis. Managing electrolyte imbalances is essential in obesity management, as imbalances exacerbate hypertension, metabolic acidosis, neuromuscular complications, and insulin resistance. This review explores the pathophysiology of electrolyte disturbances in obesity and their impact on fluid balance, acid\u2013base status, and metabolic health. Effective management strategies include individualized electrolyte monitoring, dietary sodium restriction, potassium supplementation, vitamin D and magnesium correction, and pharmacologic interventions targeting renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) activity and insulin resistance. Additionally, lifestyle interventions, including dietary modification, weight loss strategies, and hydration optimization, play a key role in preventing metabolic complications. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of electrolyte imbalances in obesity, the role of emerging therapies, and how lifestyle interventions can optimize electrolyte homeostasis and metabolic outcomes. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach integrating endocrinology, nephrology, and clinical nutrition is essential to improving the prevention and management of electrolyte imbalances in obese individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:52:47Z","timestamp":1740394367000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Electrolyte Imbalances and Metabolic Emergencies in Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7337-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia Najette","family":"Crintea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7935-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Cristian","family":"Cindrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu Alexandru","family":"Mederle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3217-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin Iosif","family":"Trebuian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital, 320210 Resita, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0792-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romulus","family":"Timar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjab056","article-title":"Obesity: Causes, Consequences, Treatments, and Challenges","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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