{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1787027942262,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLWH) have a six-fold higher risk of developing cervical cancer associated with high-risk human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) than HIV-negative women. We herein assessed HR-HPV genotype distribution and plasma levels of the cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in WLWH in a rural town in Gabon, in Central Africa. Methods. Adult WLWH attending the local HIV outpatient center were prospectively enrolled and underwent cervical visual inspection and cervicovaginal and blood sampling. HIV RNA load and CA-125 levels were measured from plasma using the Cepheid\u00ae Xpert\u00ae HIV-1 Viral Load kit and BioM\u00e9rieux VIDAS\u00ae CA-125 II assay, respectively. HPV detection and genotyping were performed via a nested polymerase chain reaction (MY09\/11 and GP5+\/6+), followed by sequencing. Results. Fifty-eight WLWH (median age: 52 years) were enrolled. Median CD4 count was 547 cells\/\u00b5L (IQR: 412.5\u2013737.5) and HIV RNA load 4.88 Log10 copies\/mL (IQR: 3.79\u20135.49). HPV prevalence was 68.96%, with HR-HPV detected in 41.37% of women. Among HR-HPV-positive samples, 87.5% (21\/24) were genotypes targeted by the Gardasil vaccine, while 12.5% (3\/24) were non-vaccine types. Predominant HR-HPV types included HPV-16 (13.8%), HPV-33 (10.34%), HPV-35 (5.17%), HPV-31, and HPV-58 (3.45%). Most participants had normal cervical cytology (62.07%), and a minority (14.29%) had elevated CA-125 levels, with no correlation to cytological abnormalities. Conclusions. In the hinterland of Gabon, WLWH are facing an unsuspected yet substantial burden of cervical HR-HPV infection and a neglected risk for cervical cancer. Strengthening cervical cancer prevention through targeted HPV vaccination, sexual education, and accessible screening strategies will help in mitigating associated risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13080260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1755184597000},"page":"260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The High Prevalence of Oncogenic HPV Genotypes Targeted by the Nonavalent HPV Vaccine in HIV-Infected Women Urgently Reinforces the Need for Prophylactic Vaccination in Key Female Populations Living in Gabon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marcelle","family":"Mboumba-Mboumba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"},{"name":"Ecole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale (EDR) d\u2019Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville BP 876, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3143-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustin","family":"Mouinga-Ondeme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Moussavou-Boundzanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville BP 941, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeordy Dimitri","family":"Engone-Ondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseanne","family":"Mounanga Mourimarodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Diane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christ","family":"Ognari Ayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"B\u00e9lec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Descartes, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph-Sydney","family":"Mboumba Bouassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale (EDR) d\u2019Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville BP 876, Gabon"},{"name":"Institut du Savoir Montfort, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Mfouo-Tynga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Infections R\u00e9trovirales et Pathologies Associ\u00e9es, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2025, June 19). 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