{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:10:06Z","timestamp":1783361406355,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare, immune-mediated disorder of the spinal cord characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is widely regarded as safe, isolated reports have suggested a potential temporal association with autoimmune neurological events, including ATM. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman who developed ATM two weeks following administration of the first dose of the HPV vaccine (Cervarix). The clinical presentation included rapid-onset paraparesis, sensory deficits, and sphincter dysfunction. An MRI revealed a T2-hyperintense lesion at the Th10\u2013Th12 level. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated protein levels. The patient underwent corticosteroid therapy, plasmapheresis, and IVIG, followed by a comprehensive, individualized rehabilitation program. This included balance and stability training, Redcord-based neuromuscular activation, electrostimulation, and pelvic floor therapy. Although no causal link between HPV vaccination and ATM has been established, this case emphasizes the importance of considering post-vaccinal autoimmune phenomena. More importantly, it illustrates the critical role of early, targeted rehabilitation\u2014particularly pelvic floor re-education and neuromodulation\u2014in improving outcomes in patients with significant motor and autonomic deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13090281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1756735366000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Rehabilitation of a Patient with Acute Transverse Myelitis After HPV Vaccination\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6218-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Niebrzydowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Clinic, University Clinical Center, Aleja Zwyci\u0119stwa 30 Street, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0885-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kropid\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5309-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kusiak-Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Clinic, University Clinical Center, Aleja Zwyci\u0119stwa 30 Street, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1969-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Szalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2019). 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