{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:54Z","timestamp":1760060454328,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from asthma\u2013COPD overlap (ACO) remains challenging due to shared clinical and inflammatory features. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is implicated in airway inflammation and remodeling and may represent a potential treatable trait. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum IL-13 could differentiate between COPD and ACO or define ACO subtypes and to explore its relationship with clinical and phenotype parameters. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional bicentric study in 215 COPD and ACO patients recruited from outpatient clinics. The study measured blood IL-13 levels in COPD vs. ACO patients, across five ACO subtypes, and evaluated IL-13\u2019s ability to predict ACO. Additionally, correlations were explored among endotype (IL-13) and different phenotype traits (e.g., fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), sputum eosinophilia, serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) levels, blood eosinophilia, and neutrophilia) and clinical outcomes (annualized exacerbation rate, symptom scores, and pulmonary function parameters). Results: No significant differences in IL-13 levels were found between COPD and ACO patients or among ACO subtypes. IL-13 did not predict ACO occurrence. We observed a weak correlation between IL-13 and tIgE levels in the entire cohort. Additionally, there was a weak correlation between IL-13 and FeNO in patients with eosinophil counts exceeding 300 cells\/\u03bcL, as well as between IL-13 and age in the COPD cohort. No correlation was found between IL-13 and other phenotypic features or clinical outcomes in the overall cohort, including within both COPD and ACO groups. Conclusions: IL-13 cannot differentiate between COPD and ACO or ACO\u2019s subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13090287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1756735366000},"page":"287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Interleukin-13 in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in COPD and Asthma\u2013COPD Overlap"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Perkovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Rockefeller\u2019s Street 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8145-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Vuki\u010devi\u0107 Lazarevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Rockefeller\u2019s Street 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavo","family":"Perkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecological Diseases and Obstetrics, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Merkur Zagreb, Zajec\u2019s Street 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Perkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecological Diseases and Obstetrics, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Merkur Zagreb, Zajec\u2019s Street 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanja","family":"Dolenec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Rockefeller\u2019s Street 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ha\u0111ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases, Rockefeller\u2019s Street 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"\u0160upak Smol\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimir\u2019s Street 41, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"Bulat Kardum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kresimir\u2019s Street 41, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160487","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma and COPD","volume":"131","author":"Barnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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