{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:12:12Z","timestamp":1793923932685,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, is a major factor in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer. Despite extensive research, current reviews often discuss antioxidants or inflammatory pathways separately, which limits their translational impact. The primary objective of this review is to present an integrated analysis of oxidative stress and inflammation, connecting molecular mechanisms with clinical evidence. We focus on the dual roles of natural and synthetic antioxidants in managing redox balance, regulating inflammatory signaling, and targeting new molecular pathways. Unlike previous work, this review emphasizes recent clinical findings, ongoing therapeutic challenges, and innovative strategies, including combination approaches and synthetic derivatives designed to improve effectiveness. By combining biochemical, preclinical, and clinical perspectives, we highlight both established knowledge and critical gaps. Ultimately, this review highlights the clinical significance of redox biology, clarifies the potential of antioxidant-based treatments, and outlines future research directions essential for translating these insights into effective therapies for chronic disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13090309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:08:17Z","timestamp":1758560897000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Exploring the Interplay of Antioxidants, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sumayyah Yousef","family":"Altanam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University (KFU), Al Ahsa 36362, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1877-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedal","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-1976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bakillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Core-A, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Y., Li, L., Wang, Y., and Fan, W. 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