{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T10:30:42Z","timestamp":1763548242079,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A decrease in serum AMH is generally associated with low ovarian response in assisted reproductive procedures, whether or not in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed. Methods: We report a case involving a 31-year-old woman who had never been pregnant and with irregular menstrual cycles. An ultrasound scan performed on the second day of the cycle showed several annular follicles, a high luteinizing hormone (LH)\/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio suggesting polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and an undetectable serum level of AMH. Results: Despite these observations, she exhibited an unpredictable hyperresponse during controlled ovarian stimulation, followed by a failed pregnancy despite successful in vitro fertilization with ICSI and a good-quality thawed embryo transfer (4AA). Conclusions: This case highlights the challenges of relying solely on AMH as a predictive marker of ovarian response. Although AMH is widely used for assessing ovarian reserve and stimulation outcomes, its limitations become evident in atypical cases. The paradoxical hyperresponse observed here may result from alternative regulatory mechanisms influenced by elevated LH levels, enhanced gonadotropin receptor sensitivity, or local ovarian factors. This report underscores the need for a personalized, multidimensional approach combining hormonal profiles, ultrasound assessments, and clinical history to optimize stimulation protocols and mitigate risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Such tailored protocols are essential for managing patients with complex profiles, particularly those with undetectable AMH levels. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind these atypical ovarian responses, including the roles of genetic polymorphisms, inflammatory markers, and environmental factors. This case demonstrates the importance of cautious interpretation of AMH results and emphasizes the value of comprehensive evaluations in assisted reproductive technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13110379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T10:02:13Z","timestamp":1763546533000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Undetectable Serum Level of Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone (AMH) in a Woman with an Unpredictable Hyper-Response During Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for an IVF-ICSI Program: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Sefrioui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0742-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modou Mamoune","family":"Mbaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labomac, Laboratory for Medical Analysis and Biology of Human Reproduction, Casablanca 20100, Morocco"},{"name":"Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health and Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82403, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Kaarouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smahane","family":"Aboulmaouahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Latifa","family":"Ahbbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Touzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noureddine","family":"Louanjli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Fertility Clinic (AFC), Fertility Clinic, Medical Assistance for Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Casablanca 20000, Morocco"},{"name":"Labomac, Laboratory for Medical Analysis and Biology of Human Reproduction, Casablanca 20100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health and Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca 82403, Morocco"},{"name":"Mohamed VI Center for Research & Innovation (CM6RI), Rabat 10112, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campo, S., Andreone, L., and Ambao, V. 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