{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:14:58Z","timestamp":1780402498911,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease in which alterations in the gut microbiota and dietary lipid composition play a central role; this study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their combination on clinical, macroscopic, microbiological, and histopathological outcomes in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 18\/group) and received 5% DSS in drinking water for eight days to induce colitis. Following DSS withdrawal and histological confirmation of colitis in sentinel animals, groups were treated for 8 days as follows: DSS (control), DSS-S (synbiotics, Ecologic\u00ae 825), DSS-\u03a93 (omega-3 fatty acid-enriched diet, ProSure\u00ae), or DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 (combined therapy). Eight rats per group were sacrificed on days 4 and 8 post-DSS. Body weight, Disease Activity Index (DAI), distal colon length, hematologic parameters, bacterial translocation to the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes, histological colitis score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cell counts were assessed. Results: DSS induced severe colitis characterized by diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and extensive mucosal erosions. After 8 days of treatment, the DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 group showed the greatest body-weight recovery (206.1\u2192222.9 g, p &lt; 0.05 vs. other groups), significantly preserved distal colon length, and the largest reduction in DAI (p &lt; 0.05). Both the DSS-S and DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 groups demonstrated reduced bacterial translocation compared with DSS. The DSS-\u03a93 group demonstrated persistent MPO-positive neutrophil infiltration compared with the DSS-S and DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 groups, whereas combined therapy was associated with lower MPO-positive cell counts. Histological colitis scores were significantly improved only in the DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: In this DSS colitis model, the DSS-S&amp;\u03a93 group demonstrated superior clinical and histological outcomes compared with DSS-S or DSS-\u03a93 alone, supporting further evaluation of combined synbiotic and omega-3 therapy as an adjunctive approach in ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14060192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1780049216000},"page":"192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Synbiotics and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Clinical and Histological Recovery in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: An Experimental Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Varnalidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0861-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orestis","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theofilos","family":"Poutahidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Taitzoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2127-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliki","family":"Brenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5650-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissavet","family":"Anestiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savvas","family":"Symeonidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Bitsianis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Mantzoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manousos George","family":"Pramateftakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathios","family":"Kotidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatis","family":"Angelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Papanikolaou\u201d, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Etiology and Pathogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Fiocchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"CD000543","article-title":"Oral 5-Aminosalicylic Acid for Induction of Remission in Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"2","author":"Sutherland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091349","article-title":"Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the County of T\u00fcbingen (West Germany)","volume":"24","author":"Daiss","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. 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