{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:10:34Z","timestamp":1790633434014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Male infertility is a significant global public health concern, with sperm abnormalities contributing to nearly half of all cases. This retrospective study addressed a critical gap by analyzing 1182 semen records from subfertile Jordanian men at the IVF unit. Methods: We quantified the prevalence of specific abnormalities, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and azoospermia, and investigated the interrelationships between sperm count, motility, and morphology. Results: Oligozoospermia was the most prevalent single abnormality (29%), while normozoospermia was found in 28% of cases. Combined defects were frequent; oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, with low count, poor motility, and abnormal morphology, was identified in 17% of cases, highlighting the multifactorial nature of subfertility. Correlation analysis showed significant interdependencies. A strong positive correlation was found between normal morphology and progressive motility (r = 0.484, p &lt; 0.0001), suggesting structural integrity is closely linked to movement. Sperm count showed moderate positive correlations with normal morphology (r = 0.508, p &lt; 0.0001) and non-progressive motility (r = 0.522, p &lt; 0.0001). Abnormal morphology exhibited the strongest positive correlation with immotile sperm (r = 0.559, p &lt; 0.0001), consistent with asthenoteratozoospermia. Conclusions: These findings suggest semen issues in Jordanian men include multiple parameters simultaneously. Comprehensive semen analysis is essential for accurate fertility assessment, as focusing on a single parameter like sperm count may overlook critical factors contributing to infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14060213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T09:49:51Z","timestamp":1781257791000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Frequency of Semen Abnormalities Among Jordanian Population: A Retrospective Single-Center Study of 1182 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2673-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatina W.","family":"Dahadhah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohanad","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan A.","family":"Dahadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman P.O. Box 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4119-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman Hussein","family":"Alshdaifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Freihat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman 11733, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal Issam","family":"Abu Alarjah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazhar Salim","family":"Al Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Leslie, S., Soon-Sutton, T., and Khan, M. 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