{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:33:08Z","timestamp":1788258788672,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Blood group antigens are well known for their importance in transfusion medicine and transplant compatibility; however, their biological role extends beyond these functions and includes associations with the risk of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ABO blood groups and the circulating levels of 73 different molecules. Patients and Methods: Fifty-six healthy donors were enrolled, including 24 individuals with blood group O, 19 with blood group A, and 13 with blood group B. Blood samples were collected and analyzed in a single laboratory using Luminex fluorescent bead-based assay panels to determine the concentrations of 73 circulating molecules. Depending on data distribution, ANOVA or Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests and Student\u2019s t-test or Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov tests were applied to identify significant differences among groups. Associations were further assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects with blood group A showed significantly higher circulating levels of IL-1R1, IL-13, IL-23, PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, soluble VEGF-R2 (KDR), soluble VEGF-R3 (FLT-4), VLA-4, CD141, MMP-1, syndecan-1 (SDC-1), and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) compared with the other blood groups. In contrast, individuals with blood group B exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-22, IL-23, PDGF-BB, CD62P (P-selectin), and amyloid \u03b21\u201342. Several significant associations were identified by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ABO blood groups are associated with distinct circulating molecular profiles, supporting the existence of biological differences that may contribute to variations in disease susceptibility among individuals with different blood types. Nevertheless, given the exploratory\u2019s nature and limited sample size of this study, further investigations are required to validate these findings, confirm the observed associations, and clarify their potential clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14060220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1781874244000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Individuals with ABO Groups Show Significant Differences in Levels of Circulating Biomarkers Related to Inflammation, Apoptosis, Endothelial Dysfunction, Tissue Remodeling and Neurodegeneration: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6541-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Motisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3269-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Scola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela Rita","family":"Balistreri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0168","article-title":"ABO blood group: Old dogma, new perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Franchini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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