{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:54:20Z","timestamp":1784303660902,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically and biologically heterogeneous hematologic neoplasm that arises from the clonal transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. AML cells undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming to sustain proliferation, survival, and adaptation to therapeutic stress. Among these alterations, cholesterol metabolism has emerged as a critical determinant of leukemic cell fitness. AML cells enhance cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, trafficking, and storage, generating a dynamic network that supports membrane organization, mitochondrial function, oncogenic signaling, and resistance to therapy. Beyond these tumor-intrinsic roles, accumulating evidence indicates that cholesterol and its metabolites actively shape communication between leukemic and immune cells, influencing immune checkpoint expression, inflammatory signaling, and antitumor immune responses within the bone marrow microenvironment. This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying cholesterol reprogramming in AML and discusses how alterations in cholesterol homeostasis integrate metabolic adaptation with immune regulation. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between cholesterol metabolism, leukemic stem cell persistence, therapeutic resistance, and immune dysfunction. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting cholesterol-related pathways are also considered. Collectively, these findings position cholesterol metabolism as a central interface between tumor-intrinsic biology and immune crosstalk, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic vulnerability in AML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14070246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:00:32Z","timestamp":1783436432000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cholesterol Reprogramming in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Integrating Tumor-Intrinsic Metabolism and Immune Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7730-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Alejandro","family":"Lagunas-Rangel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.3076","article-title":"DNA Damage Accumulation and Repair Defects in FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Implications for Clonal Evolution and Disease Progression","volume":"41","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/498S2a","article-title":"Living with Leukaemia","volume":"498","author":"Elert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0174-0","article-title":"Cholesterol Metabolism in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maja, M., and Tyteca, D. (2022). Alteration of Cholesterol Distribution at the Plasma Membrane of Cancer Cells: From Evidence to Pathophysiological Implication and Promising Therapy Strategy. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.999883"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vona, R., Iessi, E., and Matarrese, P. (2021). Role of Cholesterol and Lipid Rafts in Cancer Signaling: A Promising Therapeutic Opportunity?. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.622908"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.11","article-title":"Protein Prenylation: Unique Fats Make Their Mark on Biology","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9346","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707965114","article-title":"Identification of a Tumor-Promoter Cholesterol Metabolite in Human Breast Cancers Acting through the Glucocorticoid Receptor","volume":"114","author":"Voisin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/15578100261447016","article-title":"Integrated Multiomics Analysis Suggests Statin-Associated Perturbation of DNA Repair Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells","volume":"30","year":"2026","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halimi, H., and Farjadian, S. (2022). Cholesterol: An Important Actor on the Cancer Immune Scene. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1057546"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagunas-Rangel, F.A. (2025). Cholesterol Effects on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: From Fundamental Concepts to Mechanisms and Implications. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1579054"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2014.02.001","article-title":"Recent Advances in Cholesterol Chemistry","volume":"83","author":"Morzycki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2020-0347","article-title":"Cholesterol Review: A Metabolically Important Molecule","volume":"26","author":"Schade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00342","article-title":"Cholesterol Biosynthesis: A Mechanistic Overview","volume":"55","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanagisawa, R., He, C., Asai, A., Hellwig, M., Henle, T., and Toda, M. (2022). The Impacts of Cholesterol, Oxysterols, and Cholesterol Lowering Dietary Compounds on the Immune System. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012236"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, S., Wang, H., Shao, R., Fu, B., Lu, S., Wang, J., Lu, Y., and Wang, H. (2023). Lipid Profile as a Novel Prognostic Predictor for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.950732"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2017.03.002","article-title":"The Plasma Lipidome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia at Diagnosis in Relation to Clinical Disease Features","volume":"7","author":"Pabst","year":"2017","journal-title":"BBA Clin."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00592-4","article-title":"Cholesterol Catabolism in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Hypocholesterolemia: Suppressed Levels of a Circulating Marker for Bile Acid Synthesis","volume":"170","author":"Tatidis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70456","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70456","article-title":"Genetically Predicted Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolites Mediate the Causal Link Between Dietary Factors and Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"159068","article-title":"High-Density Lipoproteins: A Promising Tool against Cancer","volume":"1867","author":"Ossoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, C.-F., Zhu, N., Zhao, T.-J., Li, H.-F., Gu, J., Liao, D.-F., and Qin, L. (2022). Involvement of LDL and Ox-LDL in Cancer Development and Its Therapeutical Potential. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.803473"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180286","article-title":"Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia Decrease after Successful Chemotherapeutic Treatment","volume":"70","author":"Niendorf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2005.01.013","article-title":"Uptake of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesteryl Esters by Human Acute Leukemia Cells","volume":"29","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1988.tb00203.x","article-title":"Hypocholesterolemia in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"41","author":"Reverter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2900080109","article-title":"The Relation between Hypocholesterolemia and Degree of Maturation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Zyada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Inhibition of Sterol and Phospholipid Synthesis in HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells by Inducers of Myeloid Differentiation","volume":"41","author":"Cooper","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V52.6.1099.1099","article-title":"Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor Activity in Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells","volume":"52","author":"Ho","year":"1978","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V63.5.1186.1186","article-title":"Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Activity in Leukemic Cells with Monocytic Differentiation","volume":"63","author":"Vitols","year":"1984","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40020-3","article-title":"Cholesterol, Phospholipids, and Fatty Acids of Normal Immature Neutrophils: Comparison with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Cells and Normal Neutrophils","volume":"20","author":"Klock","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.03.015","article-title":"Leukemia Cells Display Lower Levels of Intracellular Cholesterol Irrespective of the Exogenous Cholesterol Availability","volume":"457","author":"Usman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-10-0155","article-title":"Cholesterol Regulates VEGFR-1 (FLT-1) Expression and Signaling in Acute Leukemia Cells","volume":"9","author":"Casalou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2283","article-title":"Cholesterol-Modulating Agents Kill Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Sensitize Them to Therapeutics by Blocking Adaptive Cholesterol Responses","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"2343","article-title":"Simultaneous Inhibition of Sirtuin 3 and Cholesterol Homeostasis Targets Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells by Perturbing Fatty Acid \u03b2-Oxidation and Inducing Lipotoxicity","volume":"108","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/BS9.0000000000000016","article-title":"The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Leukemia","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860915)58:6<1361::AID-CNCR2820580630>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Hypocholesterolemia and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Association between Disease Activity and Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations","volume":"58","author":"Budd","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Schovsbo, S.U., Liu, Y., Aragon-Fernandez, P., Gordon, S., Schuster, M.B., Su, J., Pundhir, S., Mikkelsen, N.S., Schoof, E.M., and Theilgaard-M\u00f6nch, K. (2026). Cholesterol Biosynthesis Is a Targetable Vulnerability of CEBPA-Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia. bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Skuli, S.J., Bakayoko, A., Kruidenier, M., Manning, B., Pammer, P., Salimov, A., Riley, O., Brake-Sill\u00e1, G., Bowman, M., and Martinez-Gutierrez, L.N. (2024). Chemoresistance of TP53 Mutant AML Requires the Mevalonate Byproduct, GGPP, for Regulation of ROS and Induction of a Mitochondria Stress Response. bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10326","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45924","article-title":"PML-RAR\u03b1 Interaction with TRIB3 Impedes PPAR\u03b3\/RXR Function and Triggers Dyslipidemia in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280147","article-title":"Interplay between Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Mediated by the Cooperation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b1 with the PML\/RAR \u03b1 Fusion Protein on Super-Enhancers","volume":"107","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanko, A., Thiede, C., Ehninger, G., Simons, K., and Grzybek, M. (2017). Lipidomic Approach for Stratification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168781"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selheim, F., Aaseb\u00f8, E., Reikvam, H., Bruserud, \u00d8., and Hernandez-Valladares, M. (2024). Monocytic Differentiation of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: A Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparison of FAB-M4\/M5 Patients with and without Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105080"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, L., Luo, J., Dong, J., Yang, X., and Wang, X. (2025). Identifying Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtypes Based on Pathway Enrichment. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1557112"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2026.117010","article-title":"ACSL4-Associated Lipid Metabolism Is a Distinct Therapeutic Vulnerability in KMT2A-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Rahimian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07661-6","article-title":"Targeting Oncogenic Activation of FLT3\/SREBP\/FASN Promotes the Therapeutic Effect of Quizartinib Involving Disruption of Mitochondrial Phospholipids","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338701500207","article-title":"Lipid Changes Associated with Erythroid Differentiation of Friend Erythroleukemia Cells","volume":"15","author":"Fallani","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roussis, I.-M., Pearton, D.J., Niazi, U., Tsaknakis, G., Papadopoulos, G.L., Cook, R., Saqi, M., Ragoussis, J., and Strouboulis, J. (2025). A Novel Role for Friend of GATA1 (FOG-1) in Regulating Cholesterol Transport in Murine Erythropoiesis. PLoS Genet., 21.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011617"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.12232","article-title":"Suppression of MKL1 Promotes Adipocytic Differentiation and Reduces the Proliferation of Myxoid Liposarcoma Cells","volume":"20","author":"Kamikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2025.2535445","article-title":"Bidirectional Relationship between Statins and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Cardiovascular Health, Diabetes, and Cancer","volume":"55","year":"2025","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01125-5","article-title":"Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Health and Diseases: From Mechanisms to Targeted Therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0857-5","article-title":"Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis","volume":"69","author":"Goedeke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(85)90099-2","article-title":"Metabolism of Normal and Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins by Macrophage Cell Lines of Murine and Human Origin","volume":"833","author":"Via","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Lipids Lipid Metab."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)30028-6","article-title":"Decreased Feedback Regulation of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Activity by Sterols in Leukemic Cells from Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"38","author":"Tatidis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-017-4256-z","article-title":"Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Secrete Factors That Stimulate Cellular LDL Uptake via Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2598","article-title":"Uptake of Low Density Lipoproteins by Human Leukemic Cells in Vivo: Relation to Plasma Lipoprotein Levels and Possible Relevance for Selective Chemotherapy","volume":"87","author":"Vitols","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bneo.2025.100122","article-title":"Targeting Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 with a Bioinspired Ligand Induces Apoptosis or Ferroptosis in AML","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111378","article-title":"HMGCS1 Drives Drug-Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through Endoplasmic Reticulum-UPR-Mitochondria Axis","volume":"137","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02531-3","article-title":"TET2 Deficiency Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Statins by Reducing HMGCS1 Expression","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/hemato5010002","article-title":"Synthetic Lethality Approaches in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hemato"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating Morphologic, Clinical, and Genomic Data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02903-3","article-title":"The ROR\u0263\/SREBP2 Pathway Is a Master Regulator of Cholesterol Metabolism and Serves as Potential Therapeutic Target in t(4;11) Leukemia","volume":"43","author":"Erkner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-429","article-title":"Abstract 429: A Novel Regulatory Role of FLT3\/ITD Mutation in Lipid Metabolism of Leukemia Cells: The Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-017-0970-x","article-title":"FLT3\u2013ITD and Its Current Role in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia","volume":"34","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03846-9","article-title":"Overexpression of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Transcription Factor 2 Is Associated with an Adverse Prognosis in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Shan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03111-8","article-title":"The Lipid Rafts in Cancer Stem Cell: A Target to Eradicate Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., Saxena, R., Srinivas, G., Pande, G., and Chattopadhyay, A. (2013). Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Homeostasis in Regulation of the Cell Cycle. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058833"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12103","article-title":"JAK2-V617F-mediated Signalling is Dependent on Lipid Rafts and Statins Inhibit JAK2-V617F-dependent Cell Growth","volume":"160","author":"Griner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagunas-Rangel, F.A., Jonsson, J., Jackevica, L., Fredriksson, R., Dambrova, M., and Schi\u00f6th, H.B. (2025). Statins Regulate Kinase Signaling by Causing Changes in Phosphorylation, Rather than through Changes in Gene Expression or Direct Inhibition: Evidence in Colorectal Cancer. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1653702"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, M., Huang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhao, X., and Hou, Y. (2022). Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Eradicates Acute Myeloid Leukemic Stem Cells. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.899502"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-594408","article-title":"AML Cells Have Low Spare Reserve Capacity in Their Respiratory Chain That Renders Them Susceptible to Oxidative Metabolic Stress","volume":"125","author":"Sriskanthadevan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-016-0106-5","article-title":"Mitochondria, Cholesterol and Cancer Cell Metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Ribas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102643","article-title":"Mitochondrial Cholesterol: Metabolism and Impact on Redox Biology and Disease","volume":"61","author":"Goicoechea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03372-0","article-title":"Tetrahydrobenzimidazole TMQ0153 Targets OPA1 and Restores Drug Sensitivity in AML via ROS-Induced Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trombetti, S., Cesaro, E., Catapano, R., Sessa, R., Lo Bianco, A., Izzo, P., and Grosso, M. (2021). Oxidative Stress and ROS-Mediated Signaling in Leukemia: Novel Promising Perspectives to Eradicate Chemoresistant Cells in Myeloid Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052470"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nistic\u00f2, C., and Chiarella, E. (2023). An Overview on Lipid Droplets Accumulation as Novel Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123186"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2023.20","article-title":"Statins Markedly Potentiate Aminopeptidase Inhibitor Activity against (Drug-Resistant) Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells","volume":"6","author":"Jansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, W., Tu, Y., Zhang, S., Jiang, X., Chen, H., Tu, H., and Li, J. (2025). Hypercholesterolemia and the Role of Lipid Metabolism Gene CES1 in Immune Infiltration Promote Central Nervous System Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575472"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.02.002","article-title":"Oxysterol Signaling Links Cholesterol Metabolism and Inflammation via the Liver X Receptor in Macrophages","volume":"30","author":"Szanto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2024.09.660","article-title":"Characteristics of the action of oxysterols 7-ketocholesterol and cholestane-3\u03b2,5\u03b1,6\u03b2-triol on ABCS and LRP transport proteins of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"46","author":"Reichert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematol. Transfus. Cell Ther."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2530107.x","article-title":"Cholesterol, but Not Its Esters, Triggers Programmed Cell Death in Human Erythroleukemia K562 Cells","volume":"253","author":"Maccarrone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80108-7","article-title":"Oxysterol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Monocytic Cell Lines","volume":"194","author":"Aupeix","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02377-9","article-title":"Oxysterols Induce Apoptosis and Accumulation of Cell Cycle at G2\/M Phase in the Human Monocytic THP-1 Cell Line","volume":"72","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05360-0","article-title":"Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating 27-Hydroxycholesterol-Induced Apoptosis of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Myeloid Cell Lines","volume":"13","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2015.49","article-title":"Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells","volume":"5","author":"Vasseur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0395","article-title":"Cholesterol Synthesis and Import Contribute to Protective Cholesterol Increments in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells","volume":"104","author":"Banker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15339","article-title":"Classic and Targeted Anti-leukaemic Agents Interfere with the Cholesterol Biogenesis Metagene in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Therapeutic Implications","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"qiaf065","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf065","article-title":"Hypoxia-Activated Cystathionine \u03b2-Synthase\/H2S Signaling Drives Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia through CD36-Mediated Fatty Acid Metabolism","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006047","article-title":"Vesicular Trafficking Is a Key Determinant of the Statin Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Krosl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2001.33896","article-title":"Effect of Simvastatin Alone and in Combination with Cytosine Arabinoside on the Proliferation of Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines","volume":"49","author":"Lishner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021402","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0244619","article-title":"The Drug Resistance Feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Related to the Cell Stiffness","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.06.049","article-title":"Genome-Scale Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Unveils Squalene Synthase and Dihydrofolate Reductase as Targets against AML Cells Resistant to Chemotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Karakitsou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2024.104172","article-title":"Chromothripsis in Hematologic Malignancies","volume":"132","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.11.011","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: BIM Finally","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maynard, R.S., Hellmich, C., Bowles, K.M., and Rushworth, S.A. (2022). Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Drives Metabolic Changes in the Bone Marrow Niche. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.924567"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112908","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Aging: Trends and Clinical Implications","volume":"211","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009620666200421081455","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in AML-A New Frontier","volume":"20","author":"Thummalapalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08871-1","article-title":"Bone Marrow Central Memory and Memory Stem T-Cell Exhaustion in AML Patients Relapsing after HSCT","volume":"10","author":"Noviello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700778","article-title":"Immune Escape from a Graft-versus-Leukemia Effect May Play a Role in the Relapse of Myeloid Leukemias Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Dermime","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-026-04397-w","article-title":"Rosuvastatin Enhances the Efficacy of Venetoclax-Azacitidine in Older Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients via Reducing T-Cell Exhaustion","volume":"75","author":"Zhai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, H., Patnana, P.K., Al-Matary, Y.S., Fiori, M., Vorwerk, J., Ahmad, M.H., Dazert, E., Oelschl\u00e4ger, L., K\u00fcnstner, A., and Opalka, B. (2025). Impact of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells on the Metabolic Function of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178301"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.021","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholesterol Regulates Lysosome AMP Kinase Activation and Metabolic Reprogramming to Educate Immunosuppressive Macrophages","volume":"57","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epperly, R., Gottschalk, S., and Velasquez, M.P. (2020). A Bump in the Road: How the Hostile AML Microenvironment Affects CAR T Cell Therapy. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00262"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023019961","article-title":"Escape from T-Cell\u2013Targeting Immunotherapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"143","author":"Vadakekolathu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagunas-Rangel, F.A. (2025). Statin Use as a Potential Survival Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7174253\/v1"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17309","article-title":"Off-target Effects of Statins: Molecular Mechanisms, Side Effects and the Emerging Role of Kinases","volume":"181","author":"Liepinsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-05019-8","article-title":"Anti-Leukemic Effects of Simvastatin on NRASG12D Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells","volume":"46","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2011.11.008","article-title":"Treatment with High-Dose Simvastatin Inhibits Geranylgeranylation in AML Blast Cells in a Subset of AML Patients","volume":"40","author":"Huls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3686","article-title":"Suppressive Effects of Statins on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells","volume":"67","author":"Sassano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.4.1308","article-title":"Increased Sensitivity of Acute Myeloid Leukemias to Lovastatin-Induced Apoptosis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach","volume":"93","author":"Dimitroulakos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402196","article-title":"Blocking Protein Geranylgeranylation Is Essential for Lovastatin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2018.01.021","article-title":"Report of the Relapsed\/Refractory Cohort of SWOG S0919: A Phase 2 Study of Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Combination with Pravastatin for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)","volume":"67","author":"Advani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2006.07.013","article-title":"Cytotoxic Activity of the Third-Generation Bisphosphonate Zoledronic Acid in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"31","author":"Fiegl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rbac058","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbac058","article-title":"Cytarabine Delivered by CD44 and Bone Targeting Redox-Sensitive Liposomes for Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.07.107","article-title":"Prenylation-Dependent Ras Inhibition by Pamidronate Inhibits Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem and Differentiated Cell Growth and Survival","volume":"517","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.894","article-title":"Divergence in Cholesterol Biosynthetic Rates and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Activity as a Consequence of Granulocyte versus Monocyte-Macrophage Differentiation in HL-60 Cells","volume":"81","author":"Yachnin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70346","article-title":"DHCR7 Drives AML Development through the IL6\/JAK2\/STAT3 Signalling Pathway","volume":"208","author":"Dai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoo, M., Kubota, Y., Motoyama, K., Higashi, T., Taniyoshi, M., Tokumaru, H., Nishiyama, R., Tabe, Y., Mochinaga, S., and Sato, A. (2015). 2-Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Acts as a Novel Anticancer Agent. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141946"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01948-9","article-title":"Dendrogenin A Drives LXR to Trigger Lethal Autophagy in Cancers","volume":"8","author":"Segala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serhan, N., Mouchel, P.-L., De Medina, P., Segala, G., Mougel, A., Saland, E., Rives, A., Lamaziere, A., Despres, G., and Sarry, J.-E. (2020). Dendrogenin A Synergizes with Cytarabine to Kill Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071725"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-03101-9","article-title":"Statins in the Context of Precision Cancer Medicine: Important Factors to Consider","volume":"42","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.6.959","article-title":"Statins Suppress THP-1 Cell Migration and Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 by Inhibiting Geranylgeranylation","volume":"69","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.70104","article-title":"Statins Induce Monocytic Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through the KLF4\/DPYSL2A Axis","volume":"15","author":"Noura","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1359","article-title":"Inhibition of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Induces Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells","volume":"199","author":"Perezsala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-008-0633-2","article-title":"Variability in Responsiveness to Lovastatin of the Primitive CD34+ AML Subfraction Compared to Normal CD34+ Cells","volume":"88","author":"Kuipers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00783.x","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Simvastatin on the Proliferation of Human Myeloid Leukaemia Cells in Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Mice","volume":"102","author":"Clutterbuck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"2023","article-title":"Selective Inhibition of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cell Growth by Simvastatin","volume":"8","author":"Newman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-044446","article-title":"Blockade of Adaptive Defensive Changes in Cholesterol Uptake and Synthesis in AML by the Addition of Pravastatin to Idarubicin + High-Dose Ara-C: A Phase 1 Study","volume":"109","author":"Kornblau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiarella, E., Nistic\u00f2, C., Di Vito, A., Morrone, H.L., and Mesuraca, M. (2022). Targeting of Mevalonate-Isoprenoid Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Bisphosphonate Drugs. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051146"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsantrizos, Y., Ferens, F., Waller, D., Boutin, R., Lee, H.-F., Saba-El-Leil, M., Tremblay, M., Guan, T.L., Skorey, K., and Sebag, M. (2025). Structural and Functional Analysis of GGPPS Inhibition as a Therapeutic Mechanism for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8370111\/v1"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000043","article-title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Identifies Biomarkers Predicting Susceptibility to Human Allogeneic V\u03b39V\u03b42 T Cells","volume":"37","author":"Gundermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-4093","article-title":"Cholesterol Starvation Induces Differentiation of Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells","volume":"67","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01832-x","article-title":"SOAT1 in Ovarian Cancer Cells Regulates Immune Response Mediated by CD8+ T Cells","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18736","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.563650","article-title":"The Epigenetic Drug 5-Azacytidine Interferes with Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","volume":"289","author":"Poirier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.01.046","article-title":"The Tumor-Suppressor Cholesterol Metabolite, Dendrogenin A, Is a New Class of LXR Modulator Activating Lethal Autophagy in Cancers","volume":"153","author":"Poirot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13035","article-title":"SWOG0919: A Phase 2 Study of Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Combination with Pravastatin for Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukaemia","volume":"167","author":"Advani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Chen, T., Dou, Y., Zhang, S., Liu, H., Khishignyam, T., Li, X., Zuo, D., Zhang, Z., and Jin, M. (2019). Atorvastatin Exerts Antileukemia Activity via Inhibiting Mevalonate-YAP Axis in K562 and HL60 Cells. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01032"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2011.01527.x","article-title":"Prophylactic Use of Zoledronic Acid to Prevent Early Bone Loss Is Safe and Feasible in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Ganguly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merli, P., Algeri, M., Galaverna, F., Milano, G.M., Bertaina, V., Biagini, S., Girolami, E., Palumbo, G., Sinibaldi, M., and Becilli, M. (2020). Immune Modulation Properties of Zoledronic Acid on TcR\u03b3\u03b4 T-Lymphocytes After TcR\u03b1\u03b2\/CD19-Depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: An Analysis on 46 Pediatric Patients Affected by Acute Leukemia. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00699"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2026.15530","article-title":"Postoperative Complications in Patients with Chemotherapy-induced Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Review)","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Wang, Z., Yang, S., Li, H., and Zhao, L. (2022). Hymeglusin Enhances the Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.864430"}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/14\/7\/246\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:13:33Z","timestamp":1783437213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/14\/7\/246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases14070246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases14070246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]}}}