{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:18:12Z","timestamp":1785417492690,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007161","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20260415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20260415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260415"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Depression ranks among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide. Numerous studies have linked the C-1019G (rs6295) polymorphism in the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor gene to increased susceptibility to depression. In this study, sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics were integrated with targeted genotyping of the C-1019G polymorphism to identify risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in a Mexican cohort. Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 257 volunteers (202 healthy controls, 55 with depressive symptoms). Genotyping for C-1019G was performed using polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, and genotype frequencies were analyzed relative to Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores. Results: BDI scores were significantly lower among males, participants aged &lt; 40 years, unmarried individuals, and those with a high school education (p &lt; 0.05). Females were three times more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms than males (p = 0.004; OR = 3.08). Compared with participants aged &lt; 40 years, those aged 40\u201365 and &gt;65 years were two (p = 0.026; OR = 2.19) and five times (p &lt; 0.001; OR = 5.71) more likely to report depressive symptoms, respectively. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had twice the odds of depressive symptoms (p = 0.025; OR = 2.38). Odds increased twelvefold among those with diabetes plus arterial hypertension (p &lt; 0.001; OR = 12.25). Among males, the C\/C genotype was observed exclusively in controls (p = 0.010). Furthermore, the genotypic distribution of this study population differed from that of European and Asian populations. Conclusions: These findings advance the understanding of depressive symptoms\u2019 multifactorial etiology and may inform targeted screening and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14070255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:12:53Z","timestamp":1784023973000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the C-1019G (rs6295) Polymorphism of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene, Sociodemographic Variables, and Clinical Characteristics with Depressive Symptoms in a Mexican Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mixteco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba 94340, Veracruz, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Mendoza 94740, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8741-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba 94340, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Baranda-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9997-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Soria-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmico Farmacobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia 58240, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Carmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Mendoza 94740, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Castillo-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6039-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7091-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Villavicencio-Carrisoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moises","family":"Le\u00f3n-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addy","family":"Helguera-Repetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Campos-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliud","family":"Garcia-Montalvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba 94340, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cerna-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5553491","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/5553491","article-title":"Trends in Prevalent Cases and 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