{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1785427173714,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003770","name":"BANK OF ITALY","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1500764\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1500764\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["1500764\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1500764\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v2nbx43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bacteria colonizing the nasal cavity contribute to mucosal homeostasis, and altered sinonasal bacterial communities have been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Whether routine, culture-based microbiology can distinguish the cultivable bacterial profile of CRSwNP patients from that of controls remains unclear. Methods: In this single-center observational pilot study, middle-meatus swabs from 30 patients with CRSwNP and 30 controls were cultured on four media, and isolates were identified with the VITEK 2 system. For each species, presence or absence per subject was compared between groups using Fisher\u2019s exact test with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons; the number of cultivable species per subject was compared with the Mann\u2013Whitney test. Results: The two groups were comparable in age and sex. Patients yielded more cultivable bacterial species per subject than controls (mean 4.4 vs. 2.9; Mann\u2013Whitney p &lt; 0.001). Several species were numerically more frequent in patients (e.g., Staphylococcus hominis, S. lugdunensis) and others in controls (e.g., S. epidermidis, S. aureus), but no individual species difference remained significant after correction. Conclusions: Using routine culture, CRSwNP was characterized chiefly by a higher number of cultivable bacterial species, whereas individual species differences were not statistically robust. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant confirmation in larger, sequencing-based studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14070264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:01:28Z","timestamp":1784768488000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culturable Nasal Bacteria in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Single-Center Observational Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8984-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Laureti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Rieti, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1488-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Benelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5481-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Zoccali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Rieti, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Rieti, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia Umberto","family":"Di Michele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs (DOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Venarubea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1737-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Minni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Rieti, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Well-Being, Health and Environmental Sustainability (BeSSA), Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0651-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Petrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0466-0","article-title":"Microbiome Diversity and Asthma and Allergy Risk","volume":"14","author":"Legatzki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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