{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:29:49Z","timestamp":1786444189008,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee and its bioactive compounds, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, have attracted increasing attention because of their potential health benefits. Evidence from pediatric and adult populations supports a positive association between fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages and the increasing prevalence of obesity and other non-communicable diseases. In this context, coffee consumption may represent a potential protective dietary factor against high fructose intake-induced metabolic alterations, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and alterations in gut microbiota composition. Therefore, this review summarizes current evidence on the potential role of coffee consumption and coffee-derived bioactive compounds in modulating fructose-induced metabolic alterations and discusses the mechanisms involved. However, current evidence from human studies remains limited, and the clinical relevance of the beneficial effects observed in experimental models requires confirmation through well-designed clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14080288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:11:16Z","timestamp":1786439476000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Coffee Consumption on Fructose-Related Metabolic Alterations: Potential Mechanisms and Implications for Metabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3859-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Su\u00e1rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Obesidad y Asma, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edazcouder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1489368","article-title":"Potential Nutraceutical and Food Additive Properties and Risks of Coffee: A Comprehensive Overview","volume":"59","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastian, F., Hutabarat, O.S., Dirpan, A., Nainu, F., Harapan, H., Bin Emran, T., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). From Plantation to Cup: Changes in Bioactive Compounds during Coffee Processing. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112827"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.940287","article-title":"Coffee Components and Cardiovascular Risk: Beneficial and Detrimental Effects","volume":"65","author":"Godos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2026, May 11). Consumer Insight Reports|National Coffee Association. Available online: https:\/\/www.ncausa.org\/Market-Research\/Consumer-Insight-Reports."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2026, May 11). Coffee Consumption by Country 2026. Available online: https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/coffee-consumption-by-country."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emadi, R.C., and Kamangar, F. (2025). Coffee\u2019s Impact on Health and Well-Being. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152558"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01845-y","article-title":"Global Burden of High Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Young Adults","volume":"17","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.07.033","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of High Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption, 1990\u20132021, with Projections up to 2050: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"122","author":"Nascimento","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001545","article-title":"Fructose and Metabolic Diseases: Too Much to Be Good","volume":"134","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0021-6","article-title":"Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverage Is Associated with Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Tehranian Children and Adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Mirmiran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S., Kim, S.A., Ha, J., and Lim, K. (2018). Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Relation to Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from the 2012\u20132016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101467"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002730","article-title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Long-Term Mortality in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025038","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2025038","article-title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Beverage Type-Specific Analysis Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"47","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0540","article-title":"Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young MenA Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"Aeberli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.027","article-title":"Fructose- and Sucrose- but Not Glucose-Sweetened Beverages Promote Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"75","author":"Hochuli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112602","article-title":"Acute Inflammatory and Metabolic Effect of High Fructose Intake in Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Crossover Trial","volume":"129","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz271","article-title":"Metabolic Effects of a Prolonged, Very-High-Dose Dietary Fructose Challenge in Healthy Subjects","volume":"111","author":"Smajis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beisner, J., Gonzalez-Granda, A., Basrai, M., Damms-Machado, A., and Bischoff, S.C. (2020). Fructose-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Shift Following Two Types of Short-Term High-Fructose Dietary Phases. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113444"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2021.801","article-title":"Excess Dietary Fructose Does Not Alter Gut Microbiota or Permeability in Humans: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"5","author":"Henderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es, C.D., Sousa, A.S., Fernandes, S., and Sarmento, A. (2025). Fructose Malabsorption, Gut Microbiota and Clinical Consequences: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111720"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, M.H., Lee, E., Oh, M.J., Kim, Y., and Park, H.Y. (2018). High-Glucose or -Fructose Diet Cause Changes of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorders in Mice without Body Weight Change. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060761"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0713-7","article-title":"Dietary Fructose-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Promotes Mouse Hippocampal Neuroinflammation: A Benefit of Short-Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102445","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Determined by Dietary Nutrients, Drive Modification of the Plasma Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Adriana, O.A. (2025). Coffee Annual."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annunziata, G., Frias-Toral, E., Campa, F., Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz, M., Verde, L., Galasso, M., Savastano, S., Colao, A., Paoli, A., and Simancas-Racines, D. (2025). Differential Impact of Coffee Quantity and Sweetening on Body Composition Parameters and Inflammation. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1673677"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cardero, \u00c1., Sierra-Cinos, J.L., Bravo, L., and Sarri\u00e1, B. (2024). Consumption of a Coffee Rich in Phenolic Compounds May Improve the Body Composition of People with Overweight or Obesity: Preliminary Insights from a Randomized, Controlled and Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172848"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.08.004","article-title":"Association of Habitual Coffee Consumption with Obesity, Sarcopenia, Bone Mineral Density and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Two-Year Follow-up Study in Kidney Transplant Recipients","volume":"42","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, A., Lim, W., Kim, S., Khil, H., Cheon, E., An, S., Hong, S., Lee, D.H., Kang, S.S., and Oh, H. (2019). Coffee Intake and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061274"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_174_24","article-title":"Coffee Consumption, General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies","volume":"13","author":"Nemati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.04.004","article-title":"Light Coffee Consumption Is Protective against Sarcopenia, but Frequent Coffee Consumption Is Associated with Obesity in Korean Adults","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01356-5","article-title":"Habitual Coffee Drinking and the Chance of Prediabetes Remission: Findings from a Population with Low Coffee Consumption","volume":"23","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-024-01396-5","article-title":"Effects of Sugary Drinks, Coffee, Tea and Fruit Juice on Incidence Rate, Mortality and Cardiovascular Complications of Type2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.01.017","article-title":"Coffee Consumption, Additive Use, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes\u2014Results from 3 Large Prospective United States Cohort Studies","volume":"121","author":"Henn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.02.024","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein Partially Mediates the Inverse Association between Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The UK Biobank and the Rotterdam Study Cohorts","volume":"42","author":"Braun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.17656\/jsmc.10490","article-title":"Moderate Coffee Consumption and Its Protective Role Against Type 2 Diabetes in Men: A Meta-Analysis Study","volume":"15","author":"Fattah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Sulaimani Med. Coll."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"200626","article-title":"Association of Coffee Consumption with Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Su","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Risk Prev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.01.009","article-title":"Association of Sugar-Sweetened, Artificially Sweetened, and Unsweetened Coffee Consumption with Chronic Liver Disease and Liver-Related Events: A Large Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"155","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980026101918","article-title":"Association between Coffee Consumption Habits and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Community-Dwelling Populations: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013\u20132018","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n Calleja, B.M., Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, N., Violeta Mu\u00f1oz Torres, A., Fernando Mart\u00ednez-Cabrera, C., Siani, M., Bonfiglio, C., Bonfrate, L., Donghia, R., and Noemy Pastore, M. (2026). Italian Style Coffee Consumption and Metabolically Dysfunctional-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Cohort Population Study in Southern Italy. Front. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1797230"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-026-01289-8","article-title":"Different Types of Sweetened Coffee Consumption, Genetic Predictor of Gut Microbe, and the Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H., Park, J.Y., and Ahn, S.B. (2024). Different Associations of Coffee Consumption with the Risk of Incident Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Advanced Liver Fibrosis. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010140"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2022.07.010","article-title":"Coffee Consumption Has No Effect on Circulating Markers of Liver Function but Increases Adiponectin Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"106","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac189","article-title":"The Impact of Coffee Subtypes on Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmias, and Mortality: Long-Term Outcomes from the UK Biobank","volume":"29","author":"Chieng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.J., Miao, M.Y., Wang, J.M., Tang, Q., Han, W.W., Jia, Y.P., Tao, H.W., Zheng, Y., van Dam, R.M., and Qin, L.Q. (2023). Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183910"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.10.010","article-title":"Effect of Coffee Consumption on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"186","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.05.014","article-title":"Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose\u2013Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"31","author":"Shahinfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Nie, J., Cao, Y., Diao, L., Zhang, X., Li, J., Chen, S., Zhang, X., Chen, G., and Zhang, Z. (2024). Association of Daily Sitting Time and Coffee Consumption with the Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among US Adults. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18515-9"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010249","article-title":"Coffee Consumption and Mortality in Women with Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003948","article-title":"In Vitro Colonic Metabolism of Coffee and Chlorogenic Acid Results in Selective Changes in Human Faecal Microbiota Growth","volume":"113","author":"Mills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.011","article-title":"Impact of Coffee Consumption on the Gut Microbiota: A Human Volunteer Study","volume":"130","author":"Jaquet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44292-x","article-title":"Efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01858-9","article-title":"Coffee Consumption Is Associated with Intestinal Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus Abundance and Prevalence across Multiple Cohorts","volume":"9","author":"Manghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M.B., Lee, H., Kang, J., Kim, B., and Hwang, J.K. (2025). Protective Effects of Quinic Acid Against Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via Regulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14223833"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuad039","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039","article-title":"Faecalibacterium: A Bacterial Genus with Promising Human Health Applications","volume":"47","author":"Huillet","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker, B.J., Wearsch, P.A., Veloo, A.C.M., and Rodriguez-Palacios, A. (2020). The Genus Alistipes: Gut Bacteria With Emerging Implications to Inflammation, Cancer, and Mental Health. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133740","article-title":"In Vitro Human Colonic Fermentation of Coffee Arabinogalactan and Melanoidin-Rich Fractions","volume":"275","author":"Machado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120006916","article-title":"SCFA: Mechanisms and Functional Importance in the Gut","volume":"80","author":"Marinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069526","article-title":"Coffee Consumption Attenuates Short-Term Fructose-Induced Liver Insulin Resistance in Healthy Men","volume":"99","author":"Lecoultre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","article-title":"Dose Translation from Animal to Human Studies Revisited","volume":"22","author":"Nihal","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shokouh, P., Jeppesen, P.B., Hermansen, K., Laustsen, C., St\u00f8dkilde-J\u00f8rgensen, H., Hamilton-Dutoit, S.J., Schmedes, M.S., Qi, H., N\u00f8rlinger, T.S., and Gregersen, S. (2018). Effects of Unfiltered Coffee and Bioactive Coffee Compounds on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Components in a High-Fat-\/High-Fructose-Fed Rat Model. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201808.0365.v1"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-019-0024-y","article-title":"Investigation of the Effect of Coffee on Body Weight, Serum Glucose, Uric Acid and Lipid Profile Levels in Male Albino Wistar Rats Feeding on High-Fructose Diet","volume":"35","author":"Feyisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-023-02144-1","article-title":"Valorization of Encapsulated Coffee Parchment Extracts as Metabolic Control for High Fructose Diet-Induced Obesity, Using Wistar Rat as Animal Model","volume":"15","author":"Benyelles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112530","article-title":"Influence of Coffee Roasting Degree on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in High-Fructose and Saturated Fat-Fed Rats","volume":"165","author":"Anese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113971","article-title":"Unravelling the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Standardized Green and Black Caffeinated Coffee, Tea, and Their Mixtures in an Obese Male Rat Model: Insights from Biochemical, Metabolomic, and Histopathological Analyses","volume":"179","author":"Kotob","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.153577","article-title":"Coffee Extract Attenuates Changes in Cardiovascular and Hepatic Structure and Function without Decreasing Obesity in High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet-Fed Male Rats","volume":"142","author":"Panchal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90121-3","article-title":"Acute Effects of Fructose and Glucose Ingestion with and without Caffeine in Young and Old Humans","volume":"44","author":"Fukagawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02272","article-title":"Caffeine Intake Improves Fructose-Induced Hypertension and Insulin Resistance by Enhancing Central Insulin Signaling","volume":"63","author":"Yeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0149-z","article-title":"Regulatory Landscape of AGE-RAGE-Oxidative Stress Axis and Its Modulation by PPAR\u03b3 Activation in High Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Cannizzaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.05.016","article-title":"Fructose-Induced AGEs-RAGE Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Contributes to Impairment of Glucose Homeostasis","volume":"71","author":"Rai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"253","article-title":"DNA Aptamer Raised against Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Improves Glycemic Control and Decreases Adipocyte Size in Fructose-Fed Rats by Suppressing Age-Rage Axis","volume":"47","author":"Ojima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1zquez, A.M., Roglans, N., Bentanachs, R., Gen\u00e9, M., Sala-Vila, A., L\u00e1zaro, I., Rodr\u00edguez-Morat\u00f3, J., S\u00e1nchez, R.M., Laguna, J.C., and Alegret, M. (2020). Effects of a Low Dose of Caffeine Alone or as Part of a Green Coffee Extract, in a Rat Dietary Model of Lean Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease without Inflammation. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113240"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.04.018","article-title":"Telmisartan and\/or Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Fructose-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats: Implications of Cross-Talk between Angiotensin, the Sphingosine Kinase\/Sphingoine-1-Phosphate Pathway, and TLR4 Receptors","volume":"164","author":"Alqarni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.10.005","article-title":"Morin Reduces Hepatic Inflammation-Associated Lipid Accumulation in High Fructose-Fed Rats via Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 1\/Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Pathway","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600760","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600760","article-title":"Fructose Downregulates MiR-330 to Induce Renal Inflammatory Response and Insulin Signaling Impairment: Attenuation by Morin","volume":"61","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12419","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12419","article-title":"Phenolic Acids Alleviate High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Rats","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2017.1415938","article-title":"Dietary Phenolic Acids Reverse Insulin Resistance, Hyperglycaemia, Dyslipidaemia, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats","volume":"124","author":"Ibitoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/14\/8\/288\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:37:51Z","timestamp":1786441071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/14\/8\/288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases14080288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases14080288","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]}}}