{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:34:18Z","timestamp":1786624458497,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"A prospective comparative randomised study of therapeutic efficacy and safety of a medicinal product involving patients with gastrointestinal diseases","award":["BR28712749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR28712749"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Intestinal diseases are a major global health problem due to their high prevalence, chronic course, and significant impact on quality of life. Increasing attention has been given to the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, particularly its role in immune regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity, and modulation of the gut microbiota. The aim of this review was to evaluate current evidence regarding the role of vitamin D in immune regulation, intestinal barrier function, and the pathogenic mechanisms of intestinal diseases, including inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify publications addressing the role of vitamin D in intestinal diseases. The literature search was updated in May 2026 and included studies published between 2004 and 2026. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on the effects of vitamin D on immune regulation, intestinal barrier integrity, gut microbiota, and their clinical relevance in intestinal diseases. Results: The included studies demonstrated that vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis through regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, preservation of epithelial barrier integrity, and modulation of gut microbiota composition. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with impaired VDR-dependent signalling, increased intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, and enhanced pro-inflammatory immune responses, which may contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn\u2019s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease. Conclusions: Current evidence supports the important role of vitamin D in immune regulation, intestinal barrier protection, and maintenance of gut microbial balance. Further clinical studies are required to better understand its therapeutic potential in intestinal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14080293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:33:46Z","timestamp":1786620826000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D and Intestinal Diseases: Impact on Intestinal Immunity and Gut Barrier Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Shorabaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amankeldi","family":"Sadanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiken","family":"Baimakhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saltanat","family":"Orasymbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7045-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Ratnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakhytzhan","family":"Kerimzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbay Batyr St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanar","family":"Assilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Consultation Department, City Polyclinic No. 22, 193A Zhankozha Batyr St., Almaty 050065, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaure","family":"Datkhayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medical Practice No. 2, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole bi, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3077-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aknur","family":"Turgumbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Care, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.05.050","article-title":"Global burden of digestive diseases: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study, 1990 to 2019","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x","article-title":"The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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