{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:21:34Z","timestamp":1788153694774,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Subclinical disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are common among young women and are thought to result from complex interactions between psychological, dietary, and genetic factors. While chronic stress and unhealthy dietary habits have been implicated in the development of DEBs, the independent and interactive contributions of perceived stress, added sugar intake, and genetic susceptibility remain insufficiently understood. This pilot study investigated these associations using a two-stage case\u2013control design. Methods: A total of 100 female university students (18\u201327 years) completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) during the first stage of the study. Based on DEBQ scores, 20 participants with the highest risk of DEBs and 20 with the lowest risk were selected for the second stage, forming case and control groups. Perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and added sugar intake was estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants were also genotyped for four candidate polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR, rs6295, rs6265, and rs1800497). Group differences, correlation analyses, binary logistic regression models adjusted for BMI, and gene\u2013environment interaction analyses were performed. Results: Perceived stress emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor of belonging to the upper DEBQ quintile, with each one-point increase on the PSS-14 associated with a 44% increase in the odds of high-risk status after adjustment for BMI (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.120\u20131.853; p = 0.004). Added sugar consumption did not withstand correction for multiple comparisons (p = 0.030, Bonferroni-adjusted \u03b1 = 0.025). No significant main effects or gene\u2013environment interactions were detected for any of the investigated polymorphisms or the cumulative genetic risk score. Conclusions: These preliminary findings highlight perceived stress as the important modifiable risk factor for subclinical disordered eating behaviors in young women, suggesting that stress-reduction and emotional regulation interventions may be more effective than dietary approaches in this population. However, the lack of significant associations for the genetic variants studied should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size and statistical power. Replication in larger, longitudinal cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings and explore developmental trajectories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14090314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:24:03Z","timestamp":1788150243000},"page":"314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived Stress and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Emerging Adulthood: A Multidimensional Pilot Study of Dietary and Genetic Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0322-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniya","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Bioengineering, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., 115054 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Velina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Bioengineering, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., 115054 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9527-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Stanislavovna","family":"Kolesnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Genetic Research, Nikolayeva St., 12, Floor, Unit 6, 18, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7403-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriy Vladimirovich","family":"Polunovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Genetic Research, Nikolayeva St., 12, Floor, Unit 6, 18, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0936-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina Vitalievna","family":"Panteleeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Genetic Research, Nikolayeva St., 12, Floor, Unit 6, 18, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry Alexandrovich","family":"Kulikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rogov Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University, 11 Volokolamsk Highway, 125080 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alla Nikolaevna","family":"Stolyarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Department of Trade Policy, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., 115054 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Bioengineering, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., 115054 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology of Food Products from Plant and Animal Raw Materials, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Zemlyanoy Val, 73, 109004 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114720","article-title":"Ethnic\/racial and gender differences in disordered eating behavior prevalence trajectories among women and men from adolescence into adulthood","volume":"294","author":"Simone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000965","article-title":"Eating disorders: Etiology, risk factors, and suggestions for prevention","volume":"37","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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