{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:08:24Z","timestamp":1789384104821,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recognised as a non-invasive imaging modality capable of offering high-resolution visualisation of the corneal tissue. Objective: This review evaluates the role of OCT in chronic corneal disease, focusing on how descriptive imaging has progressed to quantitative imaging biomarkers with translational potential. Methods: A comprehensive review of the published literature on OCT imaging in corneal disease was conducted, emphasising structural features, quantitative parameters, and biomarkers. Results: OCT facilitates detailed visualisation of corneal microstructure, including variations in epithelial thickness, stromal reflectivity patterns, corneal thickness distribution, and interface abnormalities. These morphological observations are converted into quantitative measures that function as imaging biomarkers for disease severity, progression, and therapeutic effectiveness. In conditions such as keratoconus, chronic infectious keratitis, and corneal dystrophies, OCT-derived parameters offer valuable information for phenotyping and longitudinal monitoring. Additionally, advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence further increase the potential of OCT for biomarker discovery and evidence-based clinical decision-making. Conclusions: The development and validation of robust OCT-based biomarkers have the potential to enable earlier diagnosis, improved disease monitoring, and personalised treatment strategies. Future research that integrates quantitative imaging, computational analysis, and longitudinal clinical data will be essential to fully realise the translational potential of OCT in corneal disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases14090336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:19:41Z","timestamp":1789381181000},"page":"336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Morphology to Biomarkers: Optical Coherence Tomography in Corneal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1959-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanxing","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent CT1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne H.-L.","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent CT1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Kopsachilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent CT1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2969-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Catania University, Policlinico G. Rodolico, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gattazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Sant\u2019Antonio, Azienda Ospedaliera, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6807-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cappellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Mediterranean Foundation \u201cG.B. Morgagni\u201d, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7938-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"D\u2019Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London NW1 5QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Gagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Mediterranean Foundation \u201cG.B. Morgagni\u201d, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Zeppieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.002","article-title":"Anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"66","author":"Ang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. 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