{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:41:07Z","timestamp":1793752867417,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Defective sperm function has been identified as the most common cause of infertility. The objective of this study was to review recent findings on the effects of various antioxidants on male fertility. High amounts of poly unsaturated fatty acid are found in the mammalian spermatozoa membranes, thereby making them susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Although, free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in reproduction, they are strongly associated with oxidative stress. Furthermore, factors such as obesity, inflammation, pollutants and cigarette smoking are negatively correlated with spermatogenesis. Endogenous antioxidants system exists to mediate these damages. In a normal physiological state, the seminal plasma contains antioxidant enzyme mechanism that is capable of quenching these ROS as well as protecting the spermatozoa against any likely damage. However, high level of ROS triggered by inflammatory cells and oxidation of fatty acid in obese subjects may down play antioxidant mechanism resulting in oxidative stress. Evaluation of such oxidative stress is the first step in the treatment of male infertility through administration of suitable antioxidant. Notably, antioxidant such as vitamin E and C, carotenoids and carnitine have been found beneficial in restoring a balance between ROS generation and scavenging activities. There are emerging evidences that herbal products can also boost male reproductive functions. Nonetheless, a good lifestyle, regular exercise, avoidance of stress and observing safety rules at work are habits that can reverse male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases5010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T10:08:28Z","timestamp":1488449308000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Male Infertility: The Effect of Natural Antioxidants and Phytocompounds on Seminal Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Malik","family":"Adewoyin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramli","family":"Roszaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Jalan, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Campus, 25100 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur","family":"Alewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainin","family":"Rafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Anuar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4928","article-title":"Protective effect of grape seed extract against cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Alkhedaide","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. 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