{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:00:20Z","timestamp":1778814020162,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aims: Maximum phonation time (MPT), which is related to respiratory function, is widely used to evaluate maximum vocal capabilities, because its use is non-invasive, quick, and inexpensive. We aimed to examine differences in MPT by age, following recovery phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: This longitudinal observational study assessed 50 consecutive cardiac patients who were divided into the middle-aged group (&lt;65 years, n = 29) and older-aged group (\u226565 years, n = 21). MPTs were measured at 1 and 3 months after cardiac surgery, and were compared. Results: The duration of MPT increased more significantly from month 1 to month 3 in the middle-aged group (19.2 \u00b1 7.8 to 27.1 \u00b1 11.6 s, p &lt; 0.001) than in the older-aged group (12.6 \u00b1 3.5 to 17.9 \u00b1 6.0 s, p &lt; 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference occurred in the % change of MPT from 1 month to 3 months after cardiac surgery between the middle-aged group and older-aged group, respectively (41.1% vs. 42.1%). In addition, there were no significant interactions of MPT in the two groups for 1 versus 3 months (F = 1.65, p = 0.20). Conclusion: Following phase II, CR improved MPT for all cardiac surgery patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T12:16:14Z","timestamp":1513858574000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Age-Related Differences of Maximum Phonation Time in Patients after Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Izawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suna-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama-city Seibu Hospital, 1197-1, Yasashi-cho, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Tokushima Bunri University, 180, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2015, January 25). 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Res."}],"container-title":["Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/6\/1\/1\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:54:55Z","timestamp":1760208895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9721\/6\/1\/1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diseases6010001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases6010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-9721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-9721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]}}}