{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:39:04Z","timestamp":1787027944397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection with Echinococcus spp. causes fibrosis in various vital organs, including the liver and lungs. Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological feature of Echinococcus infection that destroys normal liver tissue, leading to jaundice, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, etc. Severe Echinococcus multilocularis infections lead to liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. The formation of peripheral fiberboards around the metacestode is a major reason as to why antiparasitic drugs fail to be effectively transported to the lesion site. Studies on the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis caused by Echinococcus are important for treatment in patients. Recent studies have focused on miRNA and TGF-\u03b2. More recent findings have focused on the generation of collagen fibers around the metacestode. In this review paper we focus on the mechanism by which the Echinococcus parasite induces fibrosis in liver and some other organs in intermediate hosts\u2014animals as well as human beings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases7030051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T04:31:21Z","timestamp":1565670681000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mechanism of Fibrosis Induced by Echinococcus spp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Fuqiu","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigui","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing teaching and Research, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gao, H. 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