{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:42:54Z","timestamp":1779306174459,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is concomitant with complications, including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to determine serum cystatin C levels, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and thyroid dysfunction in CKD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 140 CKD patients (stages 1\u20135) that were referred to a renal clinic. Demographic data was collected and thyroid function tests, serum 25-OH-vitamin D, cystatin C levels, and routine biochemistry tests were determined using cobas 6000 analyzer. Results: 129 (92.1%) of CKD patients had elevated serum cystatin C levels and there was a stepwise increase from stage 1\u20135. Overt hypothyroidism was present in one patient and nine had subclinical hypothyroidism. There was a stepwise reduction in serum 25-OH-vitamin D levels from stage 2\u20135, 31 (22.1%) had vitamin D insufficiency and 31 (22.1%) presented with deficiency. Conclusions: 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency and thyroid disorders are exhibited in chronic kidney disease patients and the severity of the former rises with disease progression, as indicated by elevated cystatin C levels. Routine screening and timely intervention is recommended so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1609703686000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cystatin C, Vitamin D and Thyroid Function Test Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marlene","family":"Tapper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donovan A.","family":"McGrowder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lowell","family":"Dilworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adedamola","family":"Soyibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease: Detection and Evaluation","volume":"96","author":"Gaitonde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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